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- Articles and reports: 11F0019M1994061Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper investigates structural change at the national and the regional level in five broadly defined sectors of the Canadian economy -- the natural-resource-based, the labour-intensive, the scale-based, the product-differentiated, and the science-based sectors. Three aspects of change are examined. First, changes in the importance of each sector over the last twenty years are traced. Second, the amount of internal change within each sector -- changes in the importance of individual industries in each sector and the nature of job turnover within industries are examined. Finally, the extent to which wage differentials have widened over time is examined.
Release date: 1996-09-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996090Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper outlines the structure of payroll taxes and documents evidence on the level, growth and role of each component over the last three decades for Canada and for each province. Levied by both the federal and provincial governments, payroll taxes in Canada include four major components: i) unemployment insurance (UI) premiums; ii) Canada/Quebec Pension Plan (C/QPP) contributions; iii) workers compensation (WC) premiums; and iv) the provincial health/post-secondary education (H/E) tax levied by Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario and Newfoundland. While the UI and C/QPP components are levied on both employers and employees, the WC and H/E components are levied on employers only. Our main findings are 1) payroll taxes have increased substantially over the last three decades in Canada as a whole and in every province; 2) the structure, level, growth and role of each component of payroll taxes vary remarkably from one province to another; 3) the expansion of the UI component in recent years has been the largest contributor to the rise in payroll taxes across every province in the country; and 4) despite significant growth in recent years, payroll taxes are still much lower in Canada than in most other western industrialized countries.
Release date: 1996-02-28 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996089Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper we use administrative data associated with the tax system to: (1) document the extent of intergenerational income mobility among Canadian men; and (2) estimate the income disadvantage (in adulthood) of being raised in a low income household. We find that there is considerable intergenerational income mobility in Canada among middle income earners, but that the inheritance of economic status is significant at both the very top and very bottom of the income distribution. About one-third of those in the bottom quartile were raised by fathers who occupied the same position in the income distribution. In fact, the income advantage of someone who had a father in the top decile over someone who had a father in the bottom decile is in the order of 40%. We also discuss some of the policy implications of these findings, as well as some of their limitations and the directions implied for future research.
Release date: 1996-01-24
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- Articles and reports: 11F0019M1994061Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper investigates structural change at the national and the regional level in five broadly defined sectors of the Canadian economy -- the natural-resource-based, the labour-intensive, the scale-based, the product-differentiated, and the science-based sectors. Three aspects of change are examined. First, changes in the importance of each sector over the last twenty years are traced. Second, the amount of internal change within each sector -- changes in the importance of individual industries in each sector and the nature of job turnover within industries are examined. Finally, the extent to which wage differentials have widened over time is examined.
Release date: 1996-09-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996090Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper outlines the structure of payroll taxes and documents evidence on the level, growth and role of each component over the last three decades for Canada and for each province. Levied by both the federal and provincial governments, payroll taxes in Canada include four major components: i) unemployment insurance (UI) premiums; ii) Canada/Quebec Pension Plan (C/QPP) contributions; iii) workers compensation (WC) premiums; and iv) the provincial health/post-secondary education (H/E) tax levied by Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario and Newfoundland. While the UI and C/QPP components are levied on both employers and employees, the WC and H/E components are levied on employers only. Our main findings are 1) payroll taxes have increased substantially over the last three decades in Canada as a whole and in every province; 2) the structure, level, growth and role of each component of payroll taxes vary remarkably from one province to another; 3) the expansion of the UI component in recent years has been the largest contributor to the rise in payroll taxes across every province in the country; and 4) despite significant growth in recent years, payroll taxes are still much lower in Canada than in most other western industrialized countries.
Release date: 1996-02-28 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996089Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper we use administrative data associated with the tax system to: (1) document the extent of intergenerational income mobility among Canadian men; and (2) estimate the income disadvantage (in adulthood) of being raised in a low income household. We find that there is considerable intergenerational income mobility in Canada among middle income earners, but that the inheritance of economic status is significant at both the very top and very bottom of the income distribution. About one-third of those in the bottom quartile were raised by fathers who occupied the same position in the income distribution. In fact, the income advantage of someone who had a father in the top decile over someone who had a father in the bottom decile is in the order of 40%. We also discuss some of the policy implications of these findings, as well as some of their limitations and the directions implied for future research.
Release date: 1996-01-24
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