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- 1. Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000160Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.
Release date: 2000-12-13 - 2. 100 years of income and expenditures ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000035386Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at Canadians' incomes and expeditures in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12 - 3. Food Services Competition in the 1990s ArchivedArticles and reports: 63F0002X2000032Description:
This paper examines how food service providers and food stores competed for Canadians' food dollars in the 1990s, and how this intense competition affected both industries. The paper outlines some reasons for changes in both the demand for, and supply of, each industry's outputs. It also profiles in detail some characteristics of the consumer market for food services.
Release date: 2000-12-06 - 4. One hundred years of labour force ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000015086Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides a brief overview of the major developments in the evolution of the labour force during the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-06-13 - 5. Food services competition in the 1990's ArchivedArticles and reports: 63-016-X19990044946Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article will examine how food service providers and food stores have competed for Canadians' food dollars in the 1990s, and then look at how this intense competition has affected both industries. Each industry has evolved with the objective of improving efficiency and gaining additional market share.
Release date: 2000-04-14 - 6. One hundred years of families ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X19990044909Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at Canadian families during the 20th century, and identifies some of the social, legal and economic conditions that affected them.
Release date: 2000-03-16 - 7. Employment Patterns in Non-metro Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-601-M1998035Description:
This paper examines employment growth rates in rural and small town (RST) Canada, compared with larger urban centres.
Release date: 2000-01-14
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- 1. Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000160Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.
Release date: 2000-12-13 - 2. 100 years of income and expenditures ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000035386Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at Canadians' incomes and expeditures in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12 - 3. Food Services Competition in the 1990s ArchivedArticles and reports: 63F0002X2000032Description:
This paper examines how food service providers and food stores competed for Canadians' food dollars in the 1990s, and how this intense competition affected both industries. The paper outlines some reasons for changes in both the demand for, and supply of, each industry's outputs. It also profiles in detail some characteristics of the consumer market for food services.
Release date: 2000-12-06 - 4. One hundred years of labour force ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000015086Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides a brief overview of the major developments in the evolution of the labour force during the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-06-13 - 5. Food services competition in the 1990's ArchivedArticles and reports: 63-016-X19990044946Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article will examine how food service providers and food stores have competed for Canadians' food dollars in the 1990s, and then look at how this intense competition has affected both industries. Each industry has evolved with the objective of improving efficiency and gaining additional market share.
Release date: 2000-04-14 - 6. One hundred years of families ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X19990044909Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at Canadian families during the 20th century, and identifies some of the social, legal and economic conditions that affected them.
Release date: 2000-03-16 - 7. Employment Patterns in Non-metro Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-601-M1998035Description:
This paper examines employment growth rates in rural and small town (RST) Canada, compared with larger urban centres.
Release date: 2000-01-14
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