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- Articles and reports: 82-230-X2009001Geography: CanadaDescription:
Health indicators are measures of health and of the factors which influence health. As such they can be used to inform health policy, manage the health care system, enhance our understanding of the broader determinants of health, as well as to identify gaps in the health status and outcomes for specific populations. While there are countless indicators that could be calculated, the challenge is to identify which are the most important to measure and track; what types of indicators best reflect the needs of those who use them; which of the current indicators are no longer relevant and may therefore be dropped or replaced by more suitable measures; and finally, how can the cross-cutting dimension of equity be addressed in the evaluation of the indicator set. These and other questions were discussed at the Third Health Indicators Consensus Conference, held in March 2009. The results of the conference are summarized in this report.
Release date: 2009-12-21 - 2. Health and employment ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200910913236Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the relationship between health and work. Poor mental and physical health were found to decrease the probability of being employed, particularly among men. For women, mental health problems were also associated with working fewer hours.
Release date: 2009-12-17 - 3. A comparison of individual and area-based socio-economic data for monitoring social inequalities in health ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200900411035Geography: CanadaDescription:
Area-based indicators are commonly used to measure and track health outcomes by socio-economic group. This is largely because of the absence of information about individuals in health health administrative databases. This study compares area-based and individual indicators.
Release date: 2009-12-16 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M2009062Description:
Statistics Canada produces monthly import and export merchandise trade price indexes. For the majority of these prices, Statistics Canada uses a variety of proxy measures to derive the price index in lieu of collecting observed import and export prices. The ability of these proxy measures to reflect international trade price movements during times of exchange rate volatility is limited. For this reason, the constant dollar trade estimates derived using these proxy price indexes have been refined with constant dollar adjustments following the appreciation of the Canadian exchange rate beginning at the end of 2002. This paper explains the rational and methodology behind these adjustments, as well as the impact on published trade and GDP estimates.
Release date: 2009-12-04 - 5. International surveys: Motives and methodologies ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800010937Description:
The context of the discussion is the increasing incidence of international surveys, of which one is the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project, which began in 2002. The ITC country surveys are longitudinal, and their aim is to evaluate the effects of policy measures being introduced in various countries under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The challenges of organization, data collection and analysis in international surveys are reviewed and illustrated. Analysis is an increasingly important part of the motivation for large scale cross-cultural surveys. The fundamental challenge for analysis is to discern the real response (or lack of response) to policy change, separating it from the effects of data collection mode, differential non-response, external events, time-in-sample, culture, and language. Two problems relevant to statistical analysis are discussed. The first problem is the question of when and how to analyze pooled data from several countries, in order to strengthen conclusions which might be generally valid. While in some cases this seems to be straightforward, there are differing opinions on the extent to which pooling is possible and reasonable. It is suggested that for formal comparisons, random effects models are of conceptual use. The second problem is to find models of measurement across cultures and data collection modes which will enable calibration of continuous, binary and ordinal responses, and produce comparisons from which extraneous effects have been removed. It is noted that hierarchical models provide a natural way of relaxing requirements of model invariance across groups.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 6. Profiling physical activity patterns among women in Manitoba: What does "moderate" mean? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800010973Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) provides timely estimates of health information at the sub-provincial level. We explore two main issues that prevented us from using physical activity data from CCHS cycle 3.1 (2005) as part of the Profile of Women's Health in Manitoba. CCHS uses the term 'moderate' to describe physical effort that meets Canadian minimum guidelines, whereas 'moderate' conversely describes sub-minimal levels of activity. A Manitoba survey of physical activity interrogates a wider variety of activities to measure respondents' daily energy expenditure. We found the latter survey better suited to our needs and more likely a better measure of women's daily physical activity and health.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200800010988Description:
Online data collection emerged in 1995 as an alternative approach for conducting certain types of consumer research studies and has grown in 2008. This growth has been primarily in studies where non-probability sampling methods are used. While online sampling has gained acceptance for some research applications, serious questions remain concerning online samples' suitability for research requiring precise volumetric measurement of the behavior of the U.S. population, particularly their travel behavior. This paper reviews literature and compares results from studies using probability samples and online samples to understand whether results differ from the two sampling approaches. The paper also demonstrates that online samples underestimate critical types of travel even after demographic and geographic weighting.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 8. Interaction between data collection and sample design: A plus in a complex selection process? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800010990Description:
The purpose of the Quebec Health and Social Services User Satisfaction Survey was to provide estimates of user satisfaction for three types of health care institutions (hospitals, medical clinics and CLSCs). Since a user could have visited one, two or all three types, and since the questionnaire could cover only one type, a procedure was established to select the type of institution at random. The selection procedure, which required variable selection probabilities, was unusual in that it was adjusted during the collection process to adapt increasingly to regional disparities in the use of health and social services.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 9. Is there really any benefit in sending out introductory letters in Random Digit Dialling (RDD) surveys? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800011001Description:
Currently underway, the Québec Population Health Survey (EQSP), for which collection will wrap up in February 2009, provides an opportunity, because of the size of its sample, to assess the impact that sending out introductory letters to respondents has on the response rate in a controlled environment. Since this regional telephone survey is expected to have more than 38,000 respondents, it was possible to use part of its sample for this study without having too great an impact on its overall response rate. In random digit dialling (RDD) surveys such as the EQSP, one of the main challenges in sending out introductory letters is reaching the survey units. Doing so depends largely on our capacity to associate an address with the sample units and on the quality of that information.
This article describes the controlled study proposed by the Institut de la statistique du Québec to measure the effect that sending out introductory letters to respondents had on the survey's response rate.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 10. Methodological issues in anthropometry: Self-reported versus measured height and weight ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800011002Description:
Based on a representative sample of the Canadian population, this article quantifies the bias resulting from the use of self-reported rather than directly measured height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Associations between BMI categories and selected health conditions are compared to see if the misclassification resulting from the use of self-reported data alters associations between obesity and obesity-related health conditions. The analysis is based on 4,567 respondents to the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) who, during a face-to-face interview, provided self-reported values for height and weight and were then measured by trained interviewers. Based on self-reported data, a substantial proportion of individuals with excess body weight were erroneously placed in lower BMI categories. This misclassification resulted in elevated associations between overweight/obesity and morbidity.
Release date: 2009-12-03
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- Articles and reports: 82-230-X2009001Geography: CanadaDescription:
Health indicators are measures of health and of the factors which influence health. As such they can be used to inform health policy, manage the health care system, enhance our understanding of the broader determinants of health, as well as to identify gaps in the health status and outcomes for specific populations. While there are countless indicators that could be calculated, the challenge is to identify which are the most important to measure and track; what types of indicators best reflect the needs of those who use them; which of the current indicators are no longer relevant and may therefore be dropped or replaced by more suitable measures; and finally, how can the cross-cutting dimension of equity be addressed in the evaluation of the indicator set. These and other questions were discussed at the Third Health Indicators Consensus Conference, held in March 2009. The results of the conference are summarized in this report.
Release date: 2009-12-21 - 2. Health and employment ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200910913236Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines the relationship between health and work. Poor mental and physical health were found to decrease the probability of being employed, particularly among men. For women, mental health problems were also associated with working fewer hours.
Release date: 2009-12-17 - 3. A comparison of individual and area-based socio-economic data for monitoring social inequalities in health ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200900411035Geography: CanadaDescription:
Area-based indicators are commonly used to measure and track health outcomes by socio-economic group. This is largely because of the absence of information about individuals in health health administrative databases. This study compares area-based and individual indicators.
Release date: 2009-12-16 - 4. International surveys: Motives and methodologies ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800010937Description:
The context of the discussion is the increasing incidence of international surveys, of which one is the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project, which began in 2002. The ITC country surveys are longitudinal, and their aim is to evaluate the effects of policy measures being introduced in various countries under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The challenges of organization, data collection and analysis in international surveys are reviewed and illustrated. Analysis is an increasingly important part of the motivation for large scale cross-cultural surveys. The fundamental challenge for analysis is to discern the real response (or lack of response) to policy change, separating it from the effects of data collection mode, differential non-response, external events, time-in-sample, culture, and language. Two problems relevant to statistical analysis are discussed. The first problem is the question of when and how to analyze pooled data from several countries, in order to strengthen conclusions which might be generally valid. While in some cases this seems to be straightforward, there are differing opinions on the extent to which pooling is possible and reasonable. It is suggested that for formal comparisons, random effects models are of conceptual use. The second problem is to find models of measurement across cultures and data collection modes which will enable calibration of continuous, binary and ordinal responses, and produce comparisons from which extraneous effects have been removed. It is noted that hierarchical models provide a natural way of relaxing requirements of model invariance across groups.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 5. Profiling physical activity patterns among women in Manitoba: What does "moderate" mean? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800010973Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) provides timely estimates of health information at the sub-provincial level. We explore two main issues that prevented us from using physical activity data from CCHS cycle 3.1 (2005) as part of the Profile of Women's Health in Manitoba. CCHS uses the term 'moderate' to describe physical effort that meets Canadian minimum guidelines, whereas 'moderate' conversely describes sub-minimal levels of activity. A Manitoba survey of physical activity interrogates a wider variety of activities to measure respondents' daily energy expenditure. We found the latter survey better suited to our needs and more likely a better measure of women's daily physical activity and health.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200800010988Description:
Online data collection emerged in 1995 as an alternative approach for conducting certain types of consumer research studies and has grown in 2008. This growth has been primarily in studies where non-probability sampling methods are used. While online sampling has gained acceptance for some research applications, serious questions remain concerning online samples' suitability for research requiring precise volumetric measurement of the behavior of the U.S. population, particularly their travel behavior. This paper reviews literature and compares results from studies using probability samples and online samples to understand whether results differ from the two sampling approaches. The paper also demonstrates that online samples underestimate critical types of travel even after demographic and geographic weighting.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 7. Interaction between data collection and sample design: A plus in a complex selection process? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800010990Description:
The purpose of the Quebec Health and Social Services User Satisfaction Survey was to provide estimates of user satisfaction for three types of health care institutions (hospitals, medical clinics and CLSCs). Since a user could have visited one, two or all three types, and since the questionnaire could cover only one type, a procedure was established to select the type of institution at random. The selection procedure, which required variable selection probabilities, was unusual in that it was adjusted during the collection process to adapt increasingly to regional disparities in the use of health and social services.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 8. Is there really any benefit in sending out introductory letters in Random Digit Dialling (RDD) surveys? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800011001Description:
Currently underway, the Québec Population Health Survey (EQSP), for which collection will wrap up in February 2009, provides an opportunity, because of the size of its sample, to assess the impact that sending out introductory letters to respondents has on the response rate in a controlled environment. Since this regional telephone survey is expected to have more than 38,000 respondents, it was possible to use part of its sample for this study without having too great an impact on its overall response rate. In random digit dialling (RDD) surveys such as the EQSP, one of the main challenges in sending out introductory letters is reaching the survey units. Doing so depends largely on our capacity to associate an address with the sample units and on the quality of that information.
This article describes the controlled study proposed by the Institut de la statistique du Québec to measure the effect that sending out introductory letters to respondents had on the survey's response rate.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200800011002Description:
Based on a representative sample of the Canadian population, this article quantifies the bias resulting from the use of self-reported rather than directly measured height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Associations between BMI categories and selected health conditions are compared to see if the misclassification resulting from the use of self-reported data alters associations between obesity and obesity-related health conditions. The analysis is based on 4,567 respondents to the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) who, during a face-to-face interview, provided self-reported values for height and weight and were then measured by trained interviewers. Based on self-reported data, a substantial proportion of individuals with excess body weight were erroneously placed in lower BMI categories. This misclassification resulted in elevated associations between overweight/obesity and morbidity.
Release date: 2009-12-03 - 10. Correcting self-reported estimates of obesity: Can we more closely approximate measured values? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200800011003Description:
This study examined the feasibility of developing correction factors to adjust self-reported measures of Body Mass Index to more closely approximate measured values. Data are from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey where respondents were asked to report their height and weight and were subsequently measured. Regression analyses were used to determine which socio-demographic and health characteristics were associated with the discrepancies between reported and measured values. The sample was then split into two groups. In the first, the self-reported BMI and the predictors of the discrepancies were regressed on the measured BMI. Correction equations were generated using all predictor variables that were significant at the p<0.05 level. These correction equations were then tested in the second group to derive estimates of sensitivity, specificity and of obesity prevalence. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between measured, reported and corrected BMI and obesity-related health conditions. Corrected estimates provided more accurate measures of obesity prevalence, mean BMI and sensitivity levels. Self-reported data exaggerated the relationship between BMI and health conditions, while in most cases the corrected estimates provided odds ratios that were more similar to those generated with the measured BMI.
Release date: 2009-12-03
Reference (1)
Reference (1) ((1 result))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M2009062Description:
Statistics Canada produces monthly import and export merchandise trade price indexes. For the majority of these prices, Statistics Canada uses a variety of proxy measures to derive the price index in lieu of collecting observed import and export prices. The ability of these proxy measures to reflect international trade price movements during times of exchange rate volatility is limited. For this reason, the constant dollar trade estimates derived using these proxy price indexes have been refined with constant dollar adjustments following the appreciation of the Canadian exchange rate beginning at the end of 2002. This paper explains the rational and methodology behind these adjustments, as well as the impact on published trade and GDP estimates.
Release date: 2009-12-04
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