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- 1. Canada's Trade with China: 1997 to 2006 ArchivedTable: 65-508-X2007001Description:
This issue provides a snapshot of the past ten years of Canada's trade with China. Canadian exports and imports have increased at a steady pace since 1996, reaching record highs for each by the end of 2005. Overall, Canada recorded a trade deficit with China of $22.4 billion in 2005.
Release date: 2007-12-14 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2007048Geography: CanadaDescription:
Evaluations of an economy's economic performance are often made using a measure of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which represents the average remuneration (labour income plus capital services) that an economy generates through domestic production.
Because real GDP is a constant dollar measure of the remuneration to capital and labour in an economy, it does not account for who owns the capital, how much of it is used up through production or how relative price shifts affect the volume of goods and services that can be purchased.
Modifications can be made to traditional estimates of GDP to account for these factors. This paper examines the performance of the Canadian economy using alternate measures' gross domestic income, gross national income and net national income. The paper also examines the relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies using standard GDP measures and these alternate measures.
The comparison spans the period from 1980 to 2006, but focuses on the 2002-to-2006 period. During these latter years, changes in commodity prices, manufactured goods prices, the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption have all contributed importantly to real income growth in Canada.
As a result, a very different picture of relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies emerges when an aggregate income measure is used that accounts for relative price changes, international income flows and capital consumption than when real GDP is used. From 2002 to 2006, U.S. real GDP per capita grew 9.3% while Canadian GDP per capita rose 7.0%, making it appear that the U.S. economy was outperforming the Canadian economy. However, once changes in resource prices and the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption are taken into account, real income per capita in the United States increased by 8.6%, which is similar to its GDP per capita growth. However, the Canadian adjusted measure of real income per capita growth rose 15.6%, more than twice the per capita real GDP growth in Canada and nearly double the U.S. rate.
In contrast, the difference between the two economies was exactly the opposite in the period from 1980 to 2000 when commodity prices were falling, when the exchange rate was not appreciating and when outward flows of income to foreigners were increasing relative to the income paid to Canadians. During this period, when consideration is given to these factors, real income measures in Canada were falling relative to those in the United States.
Release date: 2007-11-22 - Articles and reports: 11-010-X200701110382Geography: CanadaDescription:
Exports to China in 2007 have risen faster than imports, reflecting its voracious appetite for resources. This has helped reduce Canada's dependence on US markets.
Release date: 2007-11-08 - 4. The new underground economy of subsoil resources ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X200701010365Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks in more detail at how the commodity boom has affected our primary industries over the last 5 years, notably the shift from forestry to energy and mining. Rather than being 'hewers of wood and drawers of water', it is more accurate to say 'conveyors of crude and moilers of metals'.
Release date: 2007-10-11 - 5. A demand perspective on greenhouse gas emissions ArchivedArticles and reports: 16-002-X200700210335Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides an analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from a demand perspective. The analysis is based on the greenhouse gas emissions accounts and input-output accounts produced at Statistics Canada. It shows that domestic requirements for goods and services led to 54% of Canadian industrial emissions, while production to satisfy exports accounted for the remaining 46%. Between 1990 and 2002, emissions associated with domestic demand grew slowly at 0.4% while those associated with the production of goods for export grew by 50%.
Release date: 2007-09-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2007046Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This paper examines the impact of import and export price changes on economic welfare in Canada, and in each of the provinces. It examines how terms of trade shifts and fluctuations in the ratio of traded to non-traded goods prices affect the purchasing power of domestic production. Terms of trade shifts are shown to have a larger impact in the short-run. Moreover, the paper shows that failing to account for terms of trade shifts, when analysing macroeconomic data, can lead to misinterpretations about the sources of growth or decline in consumption, investment and imports. The magnitude and direction of terms of trade fluctuations, and their impacts, vary by province and over time. Changes in commodity prices are shown to have important effects. The effect of terms of trade shifts is largest in Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador, while Manitoba is relatively unaffected.
Release date: 2007-07-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2007044Geography: CanadaDescription:
Utilizing a longitudinal micro data file of manufacturing plants (1974 to 1999), this study tests the effect of higher levels of trade on the level of industrial specialization experienced by regional manufacturing economies. Consistent with trade driven by comparative advantage, the analysis demonstrates that higher levels of export intensity (exports as a share of output) across regions are associated with greater industrial specialization. However, the analysis also shows that changes in export intensity are only weakly associated with changes in specialization. This occurs because comparative advantage tends to shift away from industries that account for a large share of regional manufacturing employment and towards industries that initially have lower shares. This ebb and flow of comparative advantage helps to explain why Canadian manufacturing regions have not become more specialized in an environment of increasing integration into the world market.
Release date: 2007-06-25 - 8. The Canadian Lumber Industry: Recent Trends ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-621-M2007055Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines recent trends in the Canadian softwood lumber industry in Canada up to 2006. Trends in shipments, production, exports, productivity, innovation and financial results are analysed in the context of recent economic and commercial pressures affecting the industry.
Release date: 2007-06-07 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007300Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this study, we assemble a wide variety of data sets in an attempt to produce a set of stylized facts regarding offshoring and the evolution of Canadian employment in recent years. Our main finding is that, in almost all of the data sets used, there is, so far, little evidence of a correlation between offshoring, however defined, and the evolution of employment and layoff rates. While our analyses are fairly simple, they all suggest that if foreign outsourcing has had an impact on Canadian employment and worker displacement so far, this impact is likely to be modest and thus, unlikely to be detected either with industry-level or occupation-level data.
Release date: 2007-05-22 - 10. Canada's changing auto industry ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X20070059639Geography: CanadaDescription:
The auto industry has been a leading force in globalization, with overseas firms shifting production to North America following their success in sales. This paper looks at how Canada fared in attracting new domestic plants, and whether they behaved differently in buying parts locally and trading internationally.
Release date: 2007-05-17
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- 1. Canada's Trade with China: 1997 to 2006 ArchivedTable: 65-508-X2007001Description:
This issue provides a snapshot of the past ten years of Canada's trade with China. Canadian exports and imports have increased at a steady pace since 1996, reaching record highs for each by the end of 2005. Overall, Canada recorded a trade deficit with China of $22.4 billion in 2005.
Release date: 2007-12-14
Analysis (12)
Analysis (12) (0 to 10 of 12 results)
- Articles and reports: 11F0027M2007048Geography: CanadaDescription:
Evaluations of an economy's economic performance are often made using a measure of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which represents the average remuneration (labour income plus capital services) that an economy generates through domestic production.
Because real GDP is a constant dollar measure of the remuneration to capital and labour in an economy, it does not account for who owns the capital, how much of it is used up through production or how relative price shifts affect the volume of goods and services that can be purchased.
Modifications can be made to traditional estimates of GDP to account for these factors. This paper examines the performance of the Canadian economy using alternate measures' gross domestic income, gross national income and net national income. The paper also examines the relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies using standard GDP measures and these alternate measures.
The comparison spans the period from 1980 to 2006, but focuses on the 2002-to-2006 period. During these latter years, changes in commodity prices, manufactured goods prices, the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption have all contributed importantly to real income growth in Canada.
As a result, a very different picture of relative performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies emerges when an aggregate income measure is used that accounts for relative price changes, international income flows and capital consumption than when real GDP is used. From 2002 to 2006, U.S. real GDP per capita grew 9.3% while Canadian GDP per capita rose 7.0%, making it appear that the U.S. economy was outperforming the Canadian economy. However, once changes in resource prices and the exchange rate, international investment income and capital consumption are taken into account, real income per capita in the United States increased by 8.6%, which is similar to its GDP per capita growth. However, the Canadian adjusted measure of real income per capita growth rose 15.6%, more than twice the per capita real GDP growth in Canada and nearly double the U.S. rate.
In contrast, the difference between the two economies was exactly the opposite in the period from 1980 to 2000 when commodity prices were falling, when the exchange rate was not appreciating and when outward flows of income to foreigners were increasing relative to the income paid to Canadians. During this period, when consideration is given to these factors, real income measures in Canada were falling relative to those in the United States.
Release date: 2007-11-22 - Articles and reports: 11-010-X200701110382Geography: CanadaDescription:
Exports to China in 2007 have risen faster than imports, reflecting its voracious appetite for resources. This has helped reduce Canada's dependence on US markets.
Release date: 2007-11-08 - 3. The new underground economy of subsoil resources ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X200701010365Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks in more detail at how the commodity boom has affected our primary industries over the last 5 years, notably the shift from forestry to energy and mining. Rather than being 'hewers of wood and drawers of water', it is more accurate to say 'conveyors of crude and moilers of metals'.
Release date: 2007-10-11 - 4. A demand perspective on greenhouse gas emissions ArchivedArticles and reports: 16-002-X200700210335Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides an analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from a demand perspective. The analysis is based on the greenhouse gas emissions accounts and input-output accounts produced at Statistics Canada. It shows that domestic requirements for goods and services led to 54% of Canadian industrial emissions, while production to satisfy exports accounted for the remaining 46%. Between 1990 and 2002, emissions associated with domestic demand grew slowly at 0.4% while those associated with the production of goods for export grew by 50%.
Release date: 2007-09-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2007046Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This paper examines the impact of import and export price changes on economic welfare in Canada, and in each of the provinces. It examines how terms of trade shifts and fluctuations in the ratio of traded to non-traded goods prices affect the purchasing power of domestic production. Terms of trade shifts are shown to have a larger impact in the short-run. Moreover, the paper shows that failing to account for terms of trade shifts, when analysing macroeconomic data, can lead to misinterpretations about the sources of growth or decline in consumption, investment and imports. The magnitude and direction of terms of trade fluctuations, and their impacts, vary by province and over time. Changes in commodity prices are shown to have important effects. The effect of terms of trade shifts is largest in Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador, while Manitoba is relatively unaffected.
Release date: 2007-07-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2007044Geography: CanadaDescription:
Utilizing a longitudinal micro data file of manufacturing plants (1974 to 1999), this study tests the effect of higher levels of trade on the level of industrial specialization experienced by regional manufacturing economies. Consistent with trade driven by comparative advantage, the analysis demonstrates that higher levels of export intensity (exports as a share of output) across regions are associated with greater industrial specialization. However, the analysis also shows that changes in export intensity are only weakly associated with changes in specialization. This occurs because comparative advantage tends to shift away from industries that account for a large share of regional manufacturing employment and towards industries that initially have lower shares. This ebb and flow of comparative advantage helps to explain why Canadian manufacturing regions have not become more specialized in an environment of increasing integration into the world market.
Release date: 2007-06-25 - 7. The Canadian Lumber Industry: Recent Trends ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-621-M2007055Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines recent trends in the Canadian softwood lumber industry in Canada up to 2006. Trends in shipments, production, exports, productivity, innovation and financial results are analysed in the context of recent economic and commercial pressures affecting the industry.
Release date: 2007-06-07 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007300Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this study, we assemble a wide variety of data sets in an attempt to produce a set of stylized facts regarding offshoring and the evolution of Canadian employment in recent years. Our main finding is that, in almost all of the data sets used, there is, so far, little evidence of a correlation between offshoring, however defined, and the evolution of employment and layoff rates. While our analyses are fairly simple, they all suggest that if foreign outsourcing has had an impact on Canadian employment and worker displacement so far, this impact is likely to be modest and thus, unlikely to be detected either with industry-level or occupation-level data.
Release date: 2007-05-22 - 9. Canada's changing auto industry ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X20070059639Geography: CanadaDescription:
The auto industry has been a leading force in globalization, with overseas firms shifting production to North America following their success in sales. This paper looks at how Canada fared in attracting new domestic plants, and whether they behaved differently in buying parts locally and trading internationally.
Release date: 2007-05-17 - 10. Innovativeness and Export Orientation Among Establishments in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) ArchivedArticles and reports: 88F0006X2007001Description:
This study examines the factors that explain export orientation among Canadian Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) firms, particularly innovativeness, while controlling for foreign control, size of establishment, training level of workforce, use of intellectual property protection and industry type. The data are based on the 2003 Survey of Innovation.
Release date: 2007-04-03
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