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- Articles and reports: 88F0006X2005009Description:
The main indicators of biotechnology activities in Canada are presented in this article. The data are from the 2003 Biotechnology Use and Development Survey. Within the last few years, except for the number of employees with biotechnology-related responsibilities that remained stable, an increase in all the indicators was noticed. For example, the number of innovative firms involved in biotechnology activities rose from 375 in 2001 to 490 in 2003 and biotechnology revenues rose from $3.6 billion to $3.8 billion between 2001 and 2003. Also, biotechnology R&D spending increased by 11% between 2001 and 2003 and the amount of capital raised for biotechnology was up 73% during this period.
Release date: 2005-04-27 - Articles and reports: 89-613-M2005006Geography: CanadaDescription:
The report examines employment, unemployment, work activity, earnings, industrial structure, industry concentration and diversity, and human capital and population growth due to immigration and inter-CMA mobility in Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) between 1981 and 2001.
Employment and unemployment rates of Census Metropolitan Area residents in 2001 were at similar levels as twenty years earlier. This despite major changes in the structure of urban economies and in particular the declining importance of manufacturing, and rising employment of business services industries.
The labour market strength of Canada's largest urban areas varied tremendously in 2001, although the difference between the CMAs with the strongest and weakest labour markets had declined since 1981.
Immigrants, low-paid workers and young workers lost ground in the labour market between 1981 and 2001. Over the same period women made gains in employment and earnings relative to men.
University degree holders were highly concentrated in CMAs in 2001. Recent immigrants made a substantial contribution to the growth in the human capital pool in some CMAs between 1996 and 2001. Many small CMAs lost highly educated and young persons to larger CMAs over the same period.
The report uses the 1981, 1991, and 2001 censuses of Canada, and the 1987-2003 Labour Force Survey.
Release date: 2005-04-26 - 13. Industrial R&D Statistics by Region, 1994 to 2002 ArchivedArticles and reports: 88F0006X2005003Description:
This document presents historical tables displaying regional data on business enterprise research and development (R&D) activity. Data are presented in R&D expenditures and personnel, by country of control, data source, employment size and R&D size.
Release date: 2005-01-27 - 14. Are Good Jobs Disappearing in Canada? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2005239Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using hourly wage data from the Labour Force Survey as well as previous household surveys covering the 1981-2004 period, we assess whether the relative importance of low-paid jobs and well-paid jobs has changed over the last two decades. Since it is unclear whether trends in wage levels obtained from all the aforementioned surveys are unbiased, we refrain from making definitive statements regarding the evolution of low-paid and well-paid jobs over the 1981-2004 period. When assessing whether well-paid jobs are disappearing in Canada, we focus our attention on recent trends, i.e. on changes in the fraction of jobs falling in certain (real) wage categories during the 1997-2004 period.
We find little evidence that the relative importance of well-paid jobs - however defined - has fallen over the last two decades or since the second half of the 1990s. We also find little evidence that the relative importance of low-paid jobs, those paying less than $10.00 per hour, has risen during these two periods. We show, along with numerous previous studies, that the wage gap between young workers and their older counterparts has risen substantially over the last two decades but that the wage gap between university graduates and other workers has shown little change. More important, we show that, within age groups, wages of newly hired male and female employees - those with two years of seniority or less - have fallen substantially relative to those of others. Second, in the private sector, the fraction of new employees employed in temporary jobs has risen substantially, increasing from 11% in 1989 to 21% in 2004. Among employees with one year of seniority or less, the incidence of temporary work rose from 14% in 1989 to 25% in 2004. Third, pension coverage has fallen among men of all ages and among females under 45. Taken together, these findings suggest that Canadian firms (existing or newly-born) have responded to growing competition within industries and from abroad by reducing their wage offers for new employees, by offering temporary jobs to a growing proportion of them and by offering less often pension plans that guarantee defined benefits at the time of retirement.
Release date: 2005-01-26
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- 1. Industrial R&D Statistics by Region 1994 to 2003 ArchivedArticles and reports: 88F0006X2005017Description:
This working paper provides regional research and development (R&D) data for the business enterprise sector. Data are presented on R&D expenditures and personnel, by country of control, data source, employment size and R&D size.
Release date: 2005-11-22 - 2. Whither the workweek? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510613145Geography: CanadaDescription:
Changes in hours worked normally track employment changes very closely. Recently, however, employment has increased more than hours, resulting in an unprecedented gap. In effect, the average annual hours worked have decreased by the equivalent of two weeks. Many factors can affect the hours worked. Some are structural or cyclical - population aging, industrial shifts, the business cycle, natural disasters, legislative changes or personal preferences. Others are a result of the survey methodology. How have the various factors contributed to the recent drop in hours of work?
Release date: 2005-09-21 - 3. Collective bargaining priorities ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510813148Geography: CanadaDescription:
Certain provisions such as pay, leave and supplementary medical coverage are common to virtually all collective agreements. Others such as a cost-of-living allowance reflect the socioeconomic climate of the times. From a list of 10 collective bargaining provisions, employers in the Workplace and Employee Survey were asked the ones included in their settlements. The two most common in 2001 dealt with job security and occupational health and safety.
Release date: 2005-09-21 - Articles and reports: 87-004-X20030028446Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using data from the 1996 and 2001 Censuses of Population, this article discusses the employment income in culture occupations and compares it with the employment income of all occupations.
Release date: 2005-08-23 - Articles and reports: 87-004-X20030028447Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article investigates gender dynamics in employment in Canada's culture sector. It explores various questions such as changes in female employment and characteristics of female participation in the workforce by various culture sub-sectors and activities.
Release date: 2005-08-23 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005258Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper uses firm-level data from the T2/LEAP to investigate whether the link between tariff changes and employment differed across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics over the period 1988 to 1994. The results suggest that the combined effect of domestic and U.S. tariff reductions on employment was typically small, but that losses were significantly larger for firms which were less productive. For instance, firms with average productivity in 1988 responded to tariff changes by cutting employment by only 3.6% over the period 1988 to 1994, while lower productivity firms typically shed 15.1% of their workforce over the same period. This paper also indicates that firms which were more heavily in debt downsized more in response to declining domestic tariffs, suggesting that financial constrains became more binding when tariff cuts were implemented. These results suggest that firms with high productivity and low leverage were less likely than others to feel the impact of declining U.S. and domestic tariffs.
Release date: 2005-06-22 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005259Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: Tariff Reduction and Employment in Canadian Manufacturing, 1988-1994. At the end of the 1980s, Canada and the United States reached an agreement to phase out import tariffs over a 10-year period beginning January 1st, 1989. This tariff reduction scheme was a major centre-piece of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The implementation of the FTA was followed by a recession, characterized by massive job cuts in manufacturing industries, which led to suggestions that employment losses were related to the reduction of trade barriers. Research on firm output and survival (Gu, Sawchuk and Whewell, 2003; Baggs, 2004) suggests the impact of tariff changes was different across industries and across firms within industries. Using firm-level data, this study investigates the impact of reduced Canadian and U.S. tariffs on Canadian manufacturing employment. The study also asks whether the impact was heterogeneous across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics.
Release date: 2005-06-22 - 8. Escaping low earnings ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510413141Geography: CanadaDescription:
Prolonged periods of low earnings can limit an individual's capacity to cope with income losses or unexpected expenses, and makes economic self-sufficiency difficult. The ability to escape low earnings is linked to a number of factors, including age, firm size, and changing jobs.
Release date: 2005-06-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005034Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines head office employment in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It focuses on the characteristics that are related to the creation of a head office and the amount of employment in that head office. Among the characteristics investigated are firm size, number of plants, industrial diversity, geographical location, industry and nationality. The paper finds that foreign-owned firms are more likely to create a head office and to create more employment in their head offices than are domestic-controlled firms, after controlling for firm characteristics. It also finds that head office creation and employment levels are associated with a firm's level of complexity (e.g., its size) and how it organises its production geographically.
Release date: 2005-06-08 - 10. Explaining the Increase in On-the-job Search ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2005250Geography: CanadaDescription:
Evidence from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) reveals that the percentage of employed workers searching for other jobs more than doubled in Canada between 1976 and 1995. Comparable evidence from the Current Population Survey (CPS), Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), and National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) suggests that the U.S. experienced a remarkably similar upward trend in on-the-job search (OJS) over this period. Using U.S. data to supplement the Canadian data wherever possible, this paper attempts to explain this long-term, secular trend in Canadian OJS rates by performing decomposition and industry-level analyses, and by considering concomitant changes in employer-to-employer transition rates and the wage returns to job changing. The results from both countries suggest that an important part of the upward trend in OJS rates is not explained by compositional effects, including cohort effects. The OJS increase seems also to have occurred independently of rising job insecurity due to sector-specific demand shocks and trends in the dispersion of log wage residuals. The data are most consistent with a long-term decrease in search costs.
Release date: 2005-04-29
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