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- 1. Exports, GDP and jobs ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990044757Geography: CanadaDescription:
The recent increase in exports' share of GDP has been exceptional. Imports have mirrored the trend in exports, with trade across the U.S. border being the driving force for both. Using Statistics Canada's Input-Output tables, this article explores the issue of some goods moving back and forth across the border at various stages of processing. (Adapted from an article in Canadian Economic Observer published in November 1999).
Release date: 1999-12-01 - 2. Clothing Industries ArchivedJournals and periodicals: 34-252-XDescription:
The latest issue contains the article "Has the Clothing Industry adapted to the changing economic environment?" by Yasmin Sheik. The clothing industry consists of establishments engaged in the production of men's, boys', women's, and children's wear as well as furs, foundation garments, hosiery, gloves, sweaters and occupational clothing.
The clothing industry is labour intensive and requires only a limited number of special skills, and therefore it exists in almost every country in the world. In the past, developed countries, including Canada, restricted competition in this sector from low-wage developing countries by the imposition of country-specific import quotas. However, a change in trade policies has resulted in the reduction of trade barriers and increased competition. The Canadian Clothing and Textile industries now fall under the normal trading rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) besides being part of the North American rationalization process under the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the U.S. and Mexico.
Using data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures for 1988 to 1997, this paper will show how the Canadian Clothing Industry has adapted to the changing economic environment. It will also comment on the recent period of growth using the Monthly Survey of Manufacturing and other indicators.
Release date: 1999-12-01 - 3. Tourism generating regions in Canada: factors associated with travel patterns and tourist behaviours ArchivedArticles and reports: 87-403-X19970014750Geography: CanadaDescription:
The purpose of this study was to describe tourism patterns in terms of the regions from which toursits orginate, and to identify those demographic and behavioural factors associated with the tourists generated by those regions.
Release date: 1999-11-24 - Articles and reports: 87-403-X19970014752Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
The Province of Ontario has traditionally been divided into 12 travel regions known as OTAPs (Ontario Travel Association Partners). Core funding for these OTAPs comes form the Ministry of Economic Development.
Release date: 1999-11-24 - 5. Consumer Prices and Price Indexes ArchivedTable: 62-010-XDescription:
The publication highlights current and historical statistics on consumer prices and related price indexes. A comparative index contains retail price differentials for 11 major cities by selected groups of consumer goods and services.
Release date: 1999-08-03 - 6. Service Inflation: Why Is It Higher? ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1997005Geography: CanadaDescription:
Since 1961, the service component of the Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) has generally shown a higher rate of increase than the goods component. Furthermore, when some of the more volatile components of the CPI are removed the spread widens. For instance, during the same period core goods inflation (excluding food and energy) increased at an annual rate of 4.3% compared to 6.1% per cent for services (excluding shelter). The literature on service sector inflation suggests five explanations for this phenomenon. Although all these sources of the inflation differential are interesting and important in their own right, this paper will examine two. Some believe that service inflation is a statistical artifact stemming from the inherent difficulties in measuring the output of services and hence their price changes. This issue will be examined first. Indeed the measurement problem appears more serious for services; however it cannot be held completely responsible for the inflationary gap. William Baumol (1967) originally suggested the other cause for higher service inflation whereby unbalanced sectorial growth would be the cause of the divergent inflation rates. This explanation will be the focus of the second part of the paper. In spite of the attractiveness of Baumol's model, empirical evidence rejects the hypothesis.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - 7. The Impact on the CPI of Not Surveying House Prices in Rural Regions: A Sensitivity Analysis ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1997008Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
In light of a recent change in population coverage, this study was initiated to determine whether the integrity of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) should be questioned on the grounds that it does not explicitly take into account rural house price movements. An attempt is made here to quantify the potential impact, using various regimes of artificial data to represent house price movements for rural regions. The regimes were manufactured in a way that allowed the analysis of differences between urban and rural regions in terms of the evolution of house prices, as well as differences in their cumulative price index levels. Three provinces were considered: Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, all of which have large rural populations. The study results were monthly indexes for the time period, January 1986 to December 1994. The general conclusion was that house prices in rural regions would have to move very differently from those in urban regions to affect the overall level of the CPI. However, in the case of lower-level aggregates the failure to include rural house prices could be having an important effect. In addition, even when cumulative house price movements for rural and urban regions are similar, differences in their evolution tend to have an effect on the trend of the CPI, especially in the case of lower-level aggregates. While it is tempting to conclude that the current CPI methodology is robust enough to apply to the expanded population, this would be based purely on conjecture about the nature of movements in rural house prices. Hence, a second phase of this study will be initiated, whose purpose will be to develop a methodology to construct price indexes for rural regions.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M1998011Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper is the second in a series reporting on the current progress of a study whose purpose is to explore the feasibility of using the hedonic approach for making quality adjustments to the Clothing component of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). In this phase of the study, two preliminary checklists were developed for obtaining prices and quality characteristics for Men's Dress Shirts and Men's Sports Jackets. These checklists were then used for data collection in the field on expanded CPI samples for the two items. To date, the resulting database for Men's Dress Shirts has been used to derive a hedonic model. The main conclusions that can be made at this point are: 1) checklists represent a certain improvement over the current method of reporting and should be developed for all clothing items in the CPI; 2) if the hedonic approach to quality adjustment in clothing is to be formally adopted then the CPI samples will have to be augmented, at least periodically to permit estimation; and 3) more experience is needed with the hedonic approach in research mode, using clothing items with more complexity, before we can say whether the hedonic approach should be formally adopted as an alternative to our current method of quality adjustment for clothing items.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M1998012Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the methods of adjustment for quality change made in the Canadian Consumer Price Index for the period 1989 to 1994. It finds that in most cases the current Canadian practice ensures that the replacement of one commodity by another, one variety of a commodity by another, or one outlet by another, has no impact on the overall index. The main exceptions to this result occur when replacing varieties of commodities that are purchased only occasionally, and a judgement is made that the quality ratio between the old and new variety is not the same as the ratio of their prices. In these cases there is an impact on the index, up or down, depending on whether the change in price reported is higher or lower than the change in quality. From the experience of the CPI in these six years there has been a correlation between the price ratio of a variety and its replacement and the index movement that derives from the judgement. The direction and size of the impact on the index depends largely on whether an item is replaced with a higher or lower priced item. For these reasons, the paper argues that more attention should be paid to ensuring that the item selection is more representative of current sales than has traditionally been the case.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - 10. Comparative Study of Analytical Consumer Price Indexes for Different Subgroups of the Reference Population ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1998013Geography: CanadaDescription:
The reference population for the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has been represented, since the 1992 updating of the basket of goods and services, by families and unattached individuals living in private urban or rural households. The official CPI is a measure of the average percentage change over time in the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services purchased by Canadian consumers.
Because of the broadly defined target population of the CPI, the measure has been criticised for failing to reflect the inflationary experiences of certain socio-economic groups. This study examines this question for three sub-groups of the reference population of the CPI. It is an extension of earlier studies on the subject done at Statistics Canada.
In this document, analytical consumer price indexes sub-group indexes are compared to the analytical index for the whole population calculated at the national geographic level.
The findings tend to point to those of earlier Statistics Canada studies on sub-groups in the CPI reference population. Those studies have consistently concluded that a consumer price index established for a given sub-group does not differ substantially from the index for the whole reference population.
Release date: 1999-05-13
Data (1)
Data (1) ((1 result))
- 1. Consumer Prices and Price Indexes ArchivedTable: 62-010-XDescription:
The publication highlights current and historical statistics on consumer prices and related price indexes. A comparative index contains retail price differentials for 11 major cities by selected groups of consumer goods and services.
Release date: 1999-08-03
Analysis (11)
Analysis (11) (0 to 10 of 11 results)
- 1. Exports, GDP and jobs ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19990044757Geography: CanadaDescription:
The recent increase in exports' share of GDP has been exceptional. Imports have mirrored the trend in exports, with trade across the U.S. border being the driving force for both. Using Statistics Canada's Input-Output tables, this article explores the issue of some goods moving back and forth across the border at various stages of processing. (Adapted from an article in Canadian Economic Observer published in November 1999).
Release date: 1999-12-01 - 2. Clothing Industries ArchivedJournals and periodicals: 34-252-XDescription:
The latest issue contains the article "Has the Clothing Industry adapted to the changing economic environment?" by Yasmin Sheik. The clothing industry consists of establishments engaged in the production of men's, boys', women's, and children's wear as well as furs, foundation garments, hosiery, gloves, sweaters and occupational clothing.
The clothing industry is labour intensive and requires only a limited number of special skills, and therefore it exists in almost every country in the world. In the past, developed countries, including Canada, restricted competition in this sector from low-wage developing countries by the imposition of country-specific import quotas. However, a change in trade policies has resulted in the reduction of trade barriers and increased competition. The Canadian Clothing and Textile industries now fall under the normal trading rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) besides being part of the North American rationalization process under the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the U.S. and Mexico.
Using data from the Annual Survey of Manufactures for 1988 to 1997, this paper will show how the Canadian Clothing Industry has adapted to the changing economic environment. It will also comment on the recent period of growth using the Monthly Survey of Manufacturing and other indicators.
Release date: 1999-12-01 - 3. Tourism generating regions in Canada: factors associated with travel patterns and tourist behaviours ArchivedArticles and reports: 87-403-X19970014750Geography: CanadaDescription:
The purpose of this study was to describe tourism patterns in terms of the regions from which toursits orginate, and to identify those demographic and behavioural factors associated with the tourists generated by those regions.
Release date: 1999-11-24 - Articles and reports: 87-403-X19970014752Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
The Province of Ontario has traditionally been divided into 12 travel regions known as OTAPs (Ontario Travel Association Partners). Core funding for these OTAPs comes form the Ministry of Economic Development.
Release date: 1999-11-24 - 5. Service Inflation: Why Is It Higher? ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1997005Geography: CanadaDescription:
Since 1961, the service component of the Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) has generally shown a higher rate of increase than the goods component. Furthermore, when some of the more volatile components of the CPI are removed the spread widens. For instance, during the same period core goods inflation (excluding food and energy) increased at an annual rate of 4.3% compared to 6.1% per cent for services (excluding shelter). The literature on service sector inflation suggests five explanations for this phenomenon. Although all these sources of the inflation differential are interesting and important in their own right, this paper will examine two. Some believe that service inflation is a statistical artifact stemming from the inherent difficulties in measuring the output of services and hence their price changes. This issue will be examined first. Indeed the measurement problem appears more serious for services; however it cannot be held completely responsible for the inflationary gap. William Baumol (1967) originally suggested the other cause for higher service inflation whereby unbalanced sectorial growth would be the cause of the divergent inflation rates. This explanation will be the focus of the second part of the paper. In spite of the attractiveness of Baumol's model, empirical evidence rejects the hypothesis.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - 6. The Impact on the CPI of Not Surveying House Prices in Rural Regions: A Sensitivity Analysis ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1997008Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
In light of a recent change in population coverage, this study was initiated to determine whether the integrity of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) should be questioned on the grounds that it does not explicitly take into account rural house price movements. An attempt is made here to quantify the potential impact, using various regimes of artificial data to represent house price movements for rural regions. The regimes were manufactured in a way that allowed the analysis of differences between urban and rural regions in terms of the evolution of house prices, as well as differences in their cumulative price index levels. Three provinces were considered: Newfoundland, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia, all of which have large rural populations. The study results were monthly indexes for the time period, January 1986 to December 1994. The general conclusion was that house prices in rural regions would have to move very differently from those in urban regions to affect the overall level of the CPI. However, in the case of lower-level aggregates the failure to include rural house prices could be having an important effect. In addition, even when cumulative house price movements for rural and urban regions are similar, differences in their evolution tend to have an effect on the trend of the CPI, especially in the case of lower-level aggregates. While it is tempting to conclude that the current CPI methodology is robust enough to apply to the expanded population, this would be based purely on conjecture about the nature of movements in rural house prices. Hence, a second phase of this study will be initiated, whose purpose will be to develop a methodology to construct price indexes for rural regions.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M1998011Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper is the second in a series reporting on the current progress of a study whose purpose is to explore the feasibility of using the hedonic approach for making quality adjustments to the Clothing component of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). In this phase of the study, two preliminary checklists were developed for obtaining prices and quality characteristics for Men's Dress Shirts and Men's Sports Jackets. These checklists were then used for data collection in the field on expanded CPI samples for the two items. To date, the resulting database for Men's Dress Shirts has been used to derive a hedonic model. The main conclusions that can be made at this point are: 1) checklists represent a certain improvement over the current method of reporting and should be developed for all clothing items in the CPI; 2) if the hedonic approach to quality adjustment in clothing is to be formally adopted then the CPI samples will have to be augmented, at least periodically to permit estimation; and 3) more experience is needed with the hedonic approach in research mode, using clothing items with more complexity, before we can say whether the hedonic approach should be formally adopted as an alternative to our current method of quality adjustment for clothing items.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - Articles and reports: 62F0014M1998012Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the methods of adjustment for quality change made in the Canadian Consumer Price Index for the period 1989 to 1994. It finds that in most cases the current Canadian practice ensures that the replacement of one commodity by another, one variety of a commodity by another, or one outlet by another, has no impact on the overall index. The main exceptions to this result occur when replacing varieties of commodities that are purchased only occasionally, and a judgement is made that the quality ratio between the old and new variety is not the same as the ratio of their prices. In these cases there is an impact on the index, up or down, depending on whether the change in price reported is higher or lower than the change in quality. From the experience of the CPI in these six years there has been a correlation between the price ratio of a variety and its replacement and the index movement that derives from the judgement. The direction and size of the impact on the index depends largely on whether an item is replaced with a higher or lower priced item. For these reasons, the paper argues that more attention should be paid to ensuring that the item selection is more representative of current sales than has traditionally been the case.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - 9. Comparative Study of Analytical Consumer Price Indexes for Different Subgroups of the Reference Population ArchivedArticles and reports: 62F0014M1998013Geography: CanadaDescription:
The reference population for the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has been represented, since the 1992 updating of the basket of goods and services, by families and unattached individuals living in private urban or rural households. The official CPI is a measure of the average percentage change over time in the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services purchased by Canadian consumers.
Because of the broadly defined target population of the CPI, the measure has been criticised for failing to reflect the inflationary experiences of certain socio-economic groups. This study examines this question for three sub-groups of the reference population of the CPI. It is an extension of earlier studies on the subject done at Statistics Canada.
In this document, analytical consumer price indexes sub-group indexes are compared to the analytical index for the whole population calculated at the national geographic level.
The findings tend to point to those of earlier Statistics Canada studies on sub-groups in the CPI reference population. Those studies have consistently concluded that a consumer price index established for a given sub-group does not differ substantially from the index for the whole reference population.
Release date: 1999-05-13 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998119Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines differences in technology use in Canada as opposed to the United States as well as reasons for these differences. It examines different aspects of technology use-numbers of technologies used, types of technologies used, as well as regional, size and industry variations in their use. It then investigates differences in benefits that plant managers perceive stem from advanced technology use and differences in the factors that managers assess as impediments. While managers in both countries generally place quite similar emphases on items in the list of benefits received and problems that have impeded adoption, there are significant differences that arise because of the smaller size of the Canadian market.
Release date: 1999-04-07
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