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• 1. How Long Do People Live in Low-income Neighbourhoods? Evidence for Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004216

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This study uses longitudinal tax data to explore several undocumented aspects regarding the duration of time spent residing in low-income neighbourhoods (residential 'spells'). Although the length of new spells is generally substantial (at least compared with low-income spells), there is quite a lot of variation in this regard. Low-income neighbourhood spells exhibit negative duration dependence, implying that the longer people live in low-income neighbourhoods, the less likely they are to leave.

  Length of spell varies substantially by age and city of residence and, to a lesser extent, by family income and family type. Specifically, older individuals remain in low-income neighbourhoods for longer periods of time than younger individuals, as do residents of Toronto and Vancouver (in relation to Montréal). Individuals in low-income families have longer spell lengths than those in higher income families and, among these low-income families, lone-parents and couples with children generally spend more time living in low-income neighbourhoods than childless couples and unattached individuals.

  Release date: 2004-01-21

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• 2. Do Neighbourhoods Influence Long-term Labour Market Success? A Comparison of Adults Who Grew up in Different Public Housing Projects Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002185

  Geography: Canada, Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This paper examines whether long-run labour market outcomes depend on residential environment among adults who grew up in subsidized housing in Toronto. The housing program in Toronto provides a full spectrum of neighbourhood quality types to measure outcome differences, and offers a real-life example of large scale neighbourhood quality reform. A primary advantage with this approach is that, conditional on participation in public housing, residential choice is substantially limited. Families that applied for public housing could not specify which project they wished to be housed in and were constrained to what was offered based on availability at the time they applied and by family size. Unlike previous housing mobility experiments, the availability of administrative tax records are used to measure both short and long run outcomes. The results indicate almost no difference in educational attainment, adult earnings, income, and social assistance participation between children from different public housing types. Average outcomes, estimated wage distributions, and outcome correlations among unrelated project neighbours show no significant neighbourhood impact. In contrast, family differences seem to matter a great deal.

  Release date: 2002-06-03

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• 1. How Long Do People Live in Low-income Neighbourhoods? Evidence for Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004216

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This study uses longitudinal tax data to explore several undocumented aspects regarding the duration of time spent residing in low-income neighbourhoods (residential 'spells'). Although the length of new spells is generally substantial (at least compared with low-income spells), there is quite a lot of variation in this regard. Low-income neighbourhood spells exhibit negative duration dependence, implying that the longer people live in low-income neighbourhoods, the less likely they are to leave.

  Length of spell varies substantially by age and city of residence and, to a lesser extent, by family income and family type. Specifically, older individuals remain in low-income neighbourhoods for longer periods of time than younger individuals, as do residents of Toronto and Vancouver (in relation to Montréal). Individuals in low-income families have longer spell lengths than those in higher income families and, among these low-income families, lone-parents and couples with children generally spend more time living in low-income neighbourhoods than childless couples and unattached individuals.

  Release date: 2004-01-21

  ---

• 2. Do Neighbourhoods Influence Long-term Labour Market Success? A Comparison of Adults Who Grew up in Different Public Housing Projects Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002185

  Geography: Canada, Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This paper examines whether long-run labour market outcomes depend on residential environment among adults who grew up in subsidized housing in Toronto. The housing program in Toronto provides a full spectrum of neighbourhood quality types to measure outcome differences, and offers a real-life example of large scale neighbourhood quality reform. A primary advantage with this approach is that, conditional on participation in public housing, residential choice is substantially limited. Families that applied for public housing could not specify which project they wished to be housed in and were constrained to what was offered based on availability at the time they applied and by family size. Unlike previous housing mobility experiments, the availability of administrative tax records are used to measure both short and long run outcomes. The results indicate almost no difference in educational attainment, adult earnings, income, and social assistance participation between children from different public housing types. Average outcomes, estimated wage distributions, and outcome correlations among unrelated project neighbours show no significant neighbourhood impact. In contrast, family differences seem to matter a great deal.

  Release date: 2002-06-03

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