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- Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005254Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines changes in the geographic concentration of Canada's major immigrant groups, with respect to their initial destination and subsequent redistribution during the past two decades. At the same time, it examines the role of pre-existing immigrant communities in determining immigrants' locational choices. The results show a large rise in concentration levels at the initial destination among major immigrant groups throughout the 1970s and 1980s; this subsided in the following decade. Redistribution after immigration was generally small-scale, and had inconsistent effects on changing concentration at initial destinations among immigrant groups and across arrival cohorts within an immigrant group. Even for immigrant and refugee groups whose initial settlement was strongly influenced by government intervention, redistribution only partly altered general geographic distribution. Finally, this study finds that the size of the pre-existing immigrant community is not a significant factor in immigrant locational choice when location fixed effects are accounted for.
Release date: 2005-06-29 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005255Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Initial Destinations and Redistribution of Canada's Major Immigrant Groups: Changes over the Past Two Decades. In 1981, about 58% of immigrants who had come to Canada in the previous 10 years lived in Toronto, Vancouver, and Montréal; by 2001, this had increased to 74% (Statistics Canada 2003), triggering debate on the merits of a more 'balanced geographic distribution of immigrants' (Citizenship and Immigration Canada-CIC 2001). Policies aimed at directing immigrants away from major gateway cities in many western countries have focused on the choice of initial destination, and little effort has been made to affect subsequent mobility. But such policies will work only if other, non-gateway regions, can keep immigrants or maintain balanced in- and out-migration. To this end, this study examines how Canada's major immigrant groups arriving over the past two decades have altered their geographic concentration through time, comparing immigrants arriving in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, in the concentration levels of their initial destinations, and in their subsequent geographic dispersal. It pays attention to the dispersal pattern of groups whose initial settlements were influenced by government policies and questions the role of pre-existing immigrant communities in geographic distribution.
Release date: 2005-06-29 - 3. Research on Modifications to the Method of Preliminary Estimates of Interprovincial Migration ArchivedArticles and reports: 91F0015M2005007Geography: CanadaDescription:
The Population Estimates Program at Statistics Canada is using internal migration estimates derived from administrative sources of data. There are two versions of migration estimates currently available, preliminary (P), based on Child Tax Credit information and final (F), produced using information from income tax reports. For some reference dates they could be significantly different. This paper summarises the research undertaken in Demography Division to modify the current method for preliminary estimates in order to decrease those differences. After a brief analysis of the differences, six methods are tested: 1) regression of out-migration; 2) regression of in- and out-migration separately; 3) regression of net migration; 4) the exponentially weighted moving average; 5) the U.S. Bureau of Census approach; and 6) method of using the first difference regression. It seems that the methods in which final and preliminary migration data are combined to estimate preliminary net migration (Method 3) are the best approach to improve convergence between preliminary and final estimates of internal migration for the Population Estimation Program. This approach allows for "smoothing" of some erratic patterns displayed by the former method while preserving CTB data's ability to capture current shifts in migration patterns.
Release date: 2005-06-20 - Articles and reports: 89-613-M2005006Geography: CanadaDescription:
The report examines employment, unemployment, work activity, earnings, industrial structure, industry concentration and diversity, and human capital and population growth due to immigration and inter-CMA mobility in Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) between 1981 and 2001.
Employment and unemployment rates of Census Metropolitan Area residents in 2001 were at similar levels as twenty years earlier. This despite major changes in the structure of urban economies and in particular the declining importance of manufacturing, and rising employment of business services industries.
The labour market strength of Canada's largest urban areas varied tremendously in 2001, although the difference between the CMAs with the strongest and weakest labour markets had declined since 1981.
Immigrants, low-paid workers and young workers lost ground in the labour market between 1981 and 2001. Over the same period women made gains in employment and earnings relative to men.
University degree holders were highly concentrated in CMAs in 2001. Recent immigrants made a substantial contribution to the growth in the human capital pool in some CMAs between 1996 and 2001. Many small CMAs lost highly educated and young persons to larger CMAs over the same period.
The report uses the 1981, 1991, and 2001 censuses of Canada, and the 1987-2003 Labour Force Survey.
Release date: 2005-04-26
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- Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005254Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines changes in the geographic concentration of Canada's major immigrant groups, with respect to their initial destination and subsequent redistribution during the past two decades. At the same time, it examines the role of pre-existing immigrant communities in determining immigrants' locational choices. The results show a large rise in concentration levels at the initial destination among major immigrant groups throughout the 1970s and 1980s; this subsided in the following decade. Redistribution after immigration was generally small-scale, and had inconsistent effects on changing concentration at initial destinations among immigrant groups and across arrival cohorts within an immigrant group. Even for immigrant and refugee groups whose initial settlement was strongly influenced by government intervention, redistribution only partly altered general geographic distribution. Finally, this study finds that the size of the pre-existing immigrant community is not a significant factor in immigrant locational choice when location fixed effects are accounted for.
Release date: 2005-06-29 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005255Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Initial Destinations and Redistribution of Canada's Major Immigrant Groups: Changes over the Past Two Decades. In 1981, about 58% of immigrants who had come to Canada in the previous 10 years lived in Toronto, Vancouver, and Montréal; by 2001, this had increased to 74% (Statistics Canada 2003), triggering debate on the merits of a more 'balanced geographic distribution of immigrants' (Citizenship and Immigration Canada-CIC 2001). Policies aimed at directing immigrants away from major gateway cities in many western countries have focused on the choice of initial destination, and little effort has been made to affect subsequent mobility. But such policies will work only if other, non-gateway regions, can keep immigrants or maintain balanced in- and out-migration. To this end, this study examines how Canada's major immigrant groups arriving over the past two decades have altered their geographic concentration through time, comparing immigrants arriving in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, in the concentration levels of their initial destinations, and in their subsequent geographic dispersal. It pays attention to the dispersal pattern of groups whose initial settlements were influenced by government policies and questions the role of pre-existing immigrant communities in geographic distribution.
Release date: 2005-06-29 - 3. Research on Modifications to the Method of Preliminary Estimates of Interprovincial Migration ArchivedArticles and reports: 91F0015M2005007Geography: CanadaDescription:
The Population Estimates Program at Statistics Canada is using internal migration estimates derived from administrative sources of data. There are two versions of migration estimates currently available, preliminary (P), based on Child Tax Credit information and final (F), produced using information from income tax reports. For some reference dates they could be significantly different. This paper summarises the research undertaken in Demography Division to modify the current method for preliminary estimates in order to decrease those differences. After a brief analysis of the differences, six methods are tested: 1) regression of out-migration; 2) regression of in- and out-migration separately; 3) regression of net migration; 4) the exponentially weighted moving average; 5) the U.S. Bureau of Census approach; and 6) method of using the first difference regression. It seems that the methods in which final and preliminary migration data are combined to estimate preliminary net migration (Method 3) are the best approach to improve convergence between preliminary and final estimates of internal migration for the Population Estimation Program. This approach allows for "smoothing" of some erratic patterns displayed by the former method while preserving CTB data's ability to capture current shifts in migration patterns.
Release date: 2005-06-20 - Articles and reports: 89-613-M2005006Geography: CanadaDescription:
The report examines employment, unemployment, work activity, earnings, industrial structure, industry concentration and diversity, and human capital and population growth due to immigration and inter-CMA mobility in Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) between 1981 and 2001.
Employment and unemployment rates of Census Metropolitan Area residents in 2001 were at similar levels as twenty years earlier. This despite major changes in the structure of urban economies and in particular the declining importance of manufacturing, and rising employment of business services industries.
The labour market strength of Canada's largest urban areas varied tremendously in 2001, although the difference between the CMAs with the strongest and weakest labour markets had declined since 1981.
Immigrants, low-paid workers and young workers lost ground in the labour market between 1981 and 2001. Over the same period women made gains in employment and earnings relative to men.
University degree holders were highly concentrated in CMAs in 2001. Recent immigrants made a substantial contribution to the growth in the human capital pool in some CMAs between 1996 and 2001. Many small CMAs lost highly educated and young persons to larger CMAs over the same period.
The report uses the 1981, 1991, and 2001 censuses of Canada, and the 1987-2003 Labour Force Survey.
Release date: 2005-04-26
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