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All (102)

All (102) (50 to 60 of 102 results)

  • 51. The Persistent Gap: New Evidence on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001157
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) to investigate the extent to which factors not previously explored in the Canadian context account for wage differences between men and women. Like other studies using standard decomposition techniques and controlling for a variety of productivity-related characteristics, the results demonstrate that men still enjoy a wage advantage over women: women's average hourly wage rate is about 84% - 89% of the men's average. Unlike other studies, controls for work experience and job-related responsibilities are used. Gender differences in full-year, full-time work experience explain at most, 12% of the gender wage gap. Gender differences in the opportunity to supervise and to perform certain tasks account for about 5% of the gender wage gap. Yet despite the long list of productivity related factors, a substantial portion of the gender wage gap cannot be explained.

    Many studies rely on measures such as age or potential experience (= age minus number of years of schooling minus six) as a proxy for actual labour market. Neither of these measures account for complete withdrawals from the labour market nor for restrictions on the number of hours worked per week or on the number of weeks worked per year due to family-related responsibilities. The results show that proxies for experience yield larger adjusted gender wage gaps than when actual experience is used.

    Release date: 2001-01-30
  • 52. Minimum wage [2009] Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010313246
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    All provinces and territories set minimum wages in their employment standards legislation. This update uses the Labour Force Survey to examine the characteristics of those who work at or below the minimum wage for experienced adults in each jurisdiction. The incidence of working for minimum wage has increased each year since 2006 but remains concentrated among youth, particularly young women.

    Release date: 2000-12-11
  • 53. Holding their own: Employment and earnings of postsecondary graduates Archived
    Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000015410
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article provides an analysis of the employment and earnings patterns of recent postsecondary graduates, based on three waves of the National Graduates Surveys.

    Release date: 2000-11-29
  • 54. Part-time by choice Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000115608
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study looks at those who voluntarily work part time, as well as their reasons for doing so, their levels of work-related stress, and their job characteristics.

    Release date: 2000-11-24
  • 55. The Gender Composition and Wages: Why is Canada Different from the United States? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000140
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The correlation of occupational gender composition and wages is the basis of pay equity/comparable worth legislation. A number of previous studies have examined this correlation in US data, identifying some of the determinants of low wages in "female jobs", as well as important limitations of public policy in this area. There is little evidence, however, from other jurisdictions. This omission is particularly disturbing in the case of Canada, which now has some of the most extensive pay equity legislation in the world. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive picture, circa the late 1980's, of the occupational gender segregation in Canada and its consequences for wages. We also draw explicit comparisons of our findings to evidence for the United States. We find that the link between female wages and gender composition is much stronger in the United States than in Canada, where it is generally small and not statistically significant. The relatively more advantageous position of women in female jobs in Canada is found to be linked to higher unionization rates and the industry-wage effects of "public goods" sectors.

    Release date: 2000-09-05
  • 56. The Performance of the 1990s Canadian Labour Market Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000148
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    There is a general sense that the 1990s labour market was unique. It has been characterized by notions such as "downsizing", "technological revolution", "the knowledge-based economy", "rising job instability", and so on. This paper provides an extensive overview of the performance of the 1990s labour market, and asks just how different it was from the 1980s. It goes on to ask if the facts are consistent with many common beliefs and explanations. The paper focuses on (a) macro-level labour market outcomes, and (b) distributional outcomes. Macro-level topics include: has the nature of work changed dramatically in the 1990s? has there been a continued ratcheting up of unemployment? have we witnessed rising job instability and increased levels of layoffs? did company downsizing increase in the 1990s? why did per capita income growth stall in the 1990s? for a worker with a given level of human capital, has there been a deterioration in labour market outcomes?

    Much of the focus in the labour market over the 1980s and 1990s was on distributional outcomes - who is winning and who is losing. Some of the distributional outcomes of the 1990s labour market addressed in the paper include: outcomes for men and women; changes in the relative wages of the highly educated and earnings inequality; trends in the rate of low-income; the changing outcomes for recent labour market entrants, including young people and immigrants; and the extent to which technological change plays a major role in these outcomes.

    The paper concludes with a discussion of the overall performance of the 1990s labour market as compared to the 1980s.

    Release date: 2000-05-04
  • 57. Food services competition in the 1990's Archived
    Articles and reports: 63-016-X19990044946
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article will examine how food service providers and food stores have competed for Canadians' food dollars in the 1990s, and then look at how this intense competition has affected both industries. Each industry has evolved with the objective of improving efficiency and gaining additional market share.

    Release date: 2000-04-14
  • 58. Update on gambling Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000014887
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This note updates national and provincial data for most charts and tables published in two previous Perspectives articles on gambling.

    Release date: 2000-03-08
  • 59. The school-to-work transition Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X20000014889
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this article compares school and work activities, as well as the unemployment and part-time employment rates, of students and non-students. (Adapted from the Autumn 1999 issue of Labour Force.)

    Release date: 2000-03-08
  • 60. Working together - self-employed couples Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X19990044753
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article notes the growing incidence of self-employment among dual-earner couples and compares their characteristics with those of couples who have paid jobs. It also looks at the occupations and businesses of self-employed couples who co-own a business.

    Release date: 1999-12-01
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Analysis (102)

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  • 21. Education and Labour Market Pathways of Young Canadians Between Age 20 and 22: An Overview Archived
    Articles and reports: 81-595-M2004018
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report looks at high school completion, postsecondary participation and labour market activities of people aged 20 to 22 years. It uses data from the Youth in Transition Survey.

    Release date: 2004-06-16
  • 22. Minimum wage workers Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200410313116
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Although minimum wage workers are often young people living with their parents, other workers in this category are trying to support families. To evaluate the effects of a change in the minimum wage, it is essential to know who work for minimum wage and the types of jobs they hold.

    Release date: 2004-06-14
  • 23. Health care professionals Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X20031126699
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines characteristics and earnings of health workers - professionals, technical personnel and support personnel - using the 1991 and 2001 censuses. It examines the characteristics of nurses and doctors in more detail.

    Release date: 2004-03-19
  • 24. The feminization of work Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-008-X20030046806
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article examines the entry of women into the paid labour force, their continued concentration in certain kinds of employment and the increasing tendency for men to do the kinds of jobs traditionally performed by women.

    Release date: 2004-03-09
  • 25. Precarious jobs: A new typology of employment Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200311013101
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper looks at 'non-standard,' 'contingent' and 'precarious' employment situations, which differ from the traditional model of a stable, full-time job.

    Release date: 2003-12-08
  • 26. Hiring of part-time university faculty on the increase Archived
    Articles and reports: 81-003-X20020036671
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper provides an overview of part-time university and college academic staff. It uses Part-time University and College Academic Staff Survey.

    Release date: 2003-10-20
  • 27. Part-time Work and Family-friendly Practices in Canadian Workplaces Archived
    Articles and reports: 71-584-M2003006
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report examines part-time work and the provision of 'family-friendly' work arrangements, such as flextime, telework, childcare and eldercare services.

    Release date: 2003-06-26
  • 28. Learning, Earning and Leaving: The Relationship Between Working While in High School and Dropping out Archived
    Articles and reports: 81-595-M2003004
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study investigates the link between having a job in high school and quitting school. It uses data from the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS).

    Release date: 2003-05-26
  • 29. Quality of jobs added in 2002 Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200310213085
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article looks at the types of jobs created in Canada in 2002.

    Release date: 2003-03-24
  • 30. 2002: A good year in the labour market Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200300113077
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper looks at the Canadian labour market in 2002 by industry and province.

    Release date: 2003-02-20
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