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Description:

Presented in almanac style, the 2012 Canada Year Book contains more than 500 pages of tables, charts and succinct analytical articles on every major area of Statistics Canada's expertise. The Canada Year Book is the premier reference on the social and economic life of Canada and its citizens.

Description:

This publication contains monthly, quarterly, and annual estimates of gross domestic product for 326 industries, including aggregates and special industry groupings. Estimates are seasonally adjusted, in 1997 dollars, for the year 1997 to the most current period. A brief text, supplemented by charts selected of major industry groupings, provides analytical highlights.

Description:

Survey quality is a multi-faceted concept that originates from two different development paths. One path is the total survey error paradigm that rests on four pillars providing principles that guide survey design, survey implementation, survey evaluation, and survey data analysis. We should design surveys so that the mean squared error of an estimate is minimized given budget and other constraints. It is important to take all known error sources into account, to monitor major error sources during implementation, to periodically evaluate major error sources and combinations of these sources after the survey is completed, and to study the effects of errors on the survey analysis. In this context survey quality can be measured by the mean squared error and controlled by observations made during implementation and improved by evaluation studies. The paradigm has both strengths and weaknesses. One strength is that research can be defined by error sources and one weakness is that most total survey error assessments are incomplete in the sense that it is not possible to include the effects of all the error sources. The second path is influenced by ideas from the quality management sciences. These sciences concern business excellence in providing products and services with a focus on customers and competition from other providers. These ideas have had a great influence on many statistical organizations. One effect is the acceptance among data providers that product quality cannot be achieved without a sufficient underlying process quality and process quality cannot be achieved without a good organizational quality. These levels can be controlled and evaluated by service level agreements, customer surveys, paradata analysis using statistical process control, and organizational assessment using business excellence models or other sets of criteria. All levels can be improved by conducting improvement projects chosen by means of priority functions. The ultimate goal of improvement projects is that the processes involved should gradually approach a state where they are error-free. Of course, this might be an unattainable goal, albeit one to strive for. It is not realistic to hope for continuous measurements of the total survey error using the mean squared error. Instead one can hope that continuous quality improvement using management science ideas and statistical methods can minimize biases and other survey process problems so that the variance becomes an approximation of the mean squared error. If that can be achieved we have made the two development paths approximately coincide.

Description:

Coca is a native bush from the Amazon rainforest from which cocaine, an illegal alkaloid, is extracted. Asking farmers about the extent of their coca cultivation areas is considered a sensitive question in remote coca growing regions in Peru. As a consequence, farmers tend not to participate in surveys, do not respond to the sensitive question(s), or underreport their individual coca cultivation areas. There is a political and policy concern in accurately and reliably measuring coca growing areas, therefore survey methodologists need to determine how to encourage response and truthful reporting of sensitive questions related to coca growing. Specific survey strategies applied in our case study included establishment of trust with farmers, confidentiality assurance, matching interviewer-respondent characteristics, changing the format of the sensitive question(s), and non enforcement of absolute isolation of respondents during the survey. The survey results were validated using satellite data. They suggest that farmers tend to underreport their coca areas to 35 to 40% of their true extent.

Description:

Nonresponse in longitudinal studies often occurs in a nonmonotone pattern. In the Survey of Industrial Research and Development (SIRD), it is reasonable to assume that the nonresponse mechanism is past-value-dependent in the sense that the response propensity of a study variable at time point t depends on response status and observed or missing values of the same variable at time points prior to t. Since this nonresponse is nonignorable, the parametric likelihood approach is sensitive to the specification of parametric models on both the joint distribution of variables at different time points and the nonresponse mechanism. The nonmonotone nonresponse also limits the application of inverse propensity weighting methods. By discarding all observed data from a subject after its first missing value, one can create a dataset with a monotone ignorable nonresponse and then apply established methods for ignorable nonresponse. However, discarding observed data is not desirable and it may result in inefficient estimators when many observed data are discarded. We propose to impute nonrespondents through regression under imputation models carefully created under the past-value-dependent nonresponse mechanism. This method does not require any parametric model on the joint distribution of the variables across time points or the nonresponse mechanism. Performance of the estimated means based on the proposed imputation method is investigated through some simulation studies and empirical analysis of the SIRD data.

Description:

The propensity-scoring-adjustment approach is commonly used to handle selection bias in survey sampling applications, including unit nonresponse and undercoverage. The propensity score is computed using auxiliary variables observed throughout the sample. We discuss some asymptotic properties of propensity-score-adjusted estimators and derive optimal estimators based on a regression model for the finite population. An optimal propensity-score-adjusted estimator can be implemented using an augmented propensity model. Variance estimation is discussed and the results from two simulation studies are presented.

Description:

Non-response in longitudinal studies is addressed by assessing the accuracy of response propensity models constructed to discriminate between and predict different types of non-response. Particular attention is paid to summary measures derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logit rank plots. The ideas are applied to data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. The results suggest that the ability to discriminate between and predict non-respondents is not high. Weights generated from the response propensity models lead to only small adjustments in employment transitions. Conclusions are drawn in terms of the potential of interventions to prevent non-response.

Description:

We propose a new approach to small area estimation based on joint modelling of means and variances. The proposed model and methodology not only improve small area estimators but also yield "smoothed" estimators of the true sampling variances. Maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters is carried out using EM algorithm due to the non-standard form of the likelihood function. Confidence intervals of small area parameters are derived using a more general decision theory approach, unlike the traditional way based on minimizing the squared error loss. Numerical properties of the proposed method are investigated via simulation studies and compared with other competitive methods in the literature. Theoretical justification for the effective performance of the resulting estimators and confidence intervals is also provided.

Description:

Collinearities among explanatory variables in linear regression models affect estimates from survey data just as they do in non-survey data. Undesirable effects are unnecessarily inflated standard errors, spuriously low or high t-statistics, and parameter estimates with illogical signs. The available collinearity diagnostics are not generally appropriate for survey data because the variance estimators they incorporate do not properly account for stratification, clustering, and survey weights. In this article, we derive condition indexes and variance decompositions to diagnose collinearity problems in complex survey data. The adapted diagnostics are illustrated with data based on a survey of health characteristics.

Description:

This paper develops two Bayesian methods for inference about finite population quantiles of continuous survey variables from unequal probability sampling. The first method estimates cumulative distribution functions of the continuous survey variable by fitting a number of probit penalized spline regression models on the inclusion probabilities. The finite population quantiles are then obtained by inverting the estimated distribution function. This method is quite computationally demanding. The second method predicts non-sampled values by assuming a smoothly-varying relationship between the continuous survey variable and the probability of inclusion, by modeling both the mean function and the variance function using splines. The two Bayesian spline-model-based estimators yield a desirable balance between robustness and efficiency. Simulation studies show that both methods yield smaller root mean squared errors than the sample-weighted estimator and the ratio and difference estimators described by Rao, Kovar, and Mantel (RKM 1990), and are more robust to model misspecification than the regression through the origin model-based estimator described in Chambers and Dunstan (1986). When the sample size is small, the 95% credible intervals of the two new methods have closer to nominal confidence coverage than the sample-weighted estimator.

Description:

This product provides an overview of the Canadian greenhouse industry. Included are annual estimates of the total area under glass and plastic, months of operation and the total sales. Estimates of employment, labour costs, investments, purchases of plant materials and heating fuel costs are also available. Information on the value of sales of greenhouse vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants are published, as well as the production of flowers by variety. Also included are estimates on the area, cost of purchases, employment and value of nursery stock and sod. Finally, there is information on the proportion of sales through various channels.

Description:

This quarterly bulletin provides detailed data on the stocks of frozen beef, pork, veal, mutton, lamb and fancy meats in Canada, by region, for domestic and imported supplies.

Description:

This overview presents data on absences from work for personal reasons (illness or disability and personal or family responsibilities) by various demographic and labour market characteristics, using data from the Labour Force Survey. Only full-time employees are included in this analysis.

Description:

This document contains a breakdown of absences from work for personal reasons (illness or disability and personal or family responsibilities) by various demographic and labour market characteristics. Only full-time employees have been considered in this analysis.

Description:

This publication presents sales data (in dollars and units) of new vehicles by type (commercial vehicles, buses and coaches, and passenger cars), by origin of manufacture (North America, Canada, United States and Mexico, and Japan and other) and by province of sale. Average price of vehicles sold and market share data are available by the same breakdowns. Seasonally adjusted estimates are available at the national level for sales (in units and in dollars) by type of vehicle. Seasonally adjusted passenger car sales are also available by origin (North America and overseas). Total annual sales estimates, based on the raw monthly data, are also available. These data are available by the same breakdowns as are available for the unadjusted monthly series.

Description:

These detailed and summary tables show data for international trade in culture services by type of service and culture framework category, along with cross-tabulations for trade between Canada and selected countries. Culture goods trade is reported separately.

Description:

This product reviews international merchandise trade data from an annual perspective, exploring the effect of economic shocks and the trade relationship with Canada's principal trading partners.

Tables and graphs detail imports, exports and trade balances between Canada and major trading blocs and by major commodity trade sectors.

Description:

This product provides financial data on cultural activities funded by all levels of government. Included are expenditures on libraries, heritage activities, performing arts, literary arts, visual arts and crafts, broadcasting, film and video, etc. This information is broken down by level of government, province/territory and type of expenditure (operating expenditures, capital expenditures, operating and capital grants and contributions).

Description:

Set of maps presenting Employment Insurance Statistics. The maps show the percentage change in the number of people receiving regular Employment Insurance benefits in the last 12 months, by Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) and Census Agglomerations (CAs), using 2001 Census geography. Data are also shown in a tabular format.

Description:

This publication offers national highlights as well as data tables from the 2010 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating (CSGVP). This survey was undertaken to better understand how Canadians support individuals and communities on their own or through their involvement with charitable and non-profit organizations. For this survey, thousands of Canadians aged 15 and over were asked how they: gave money and other resources to individuals and to organizations; and volunteered time to help others and to enhance their communities. This publication will provide an overview of national estimates and highlights as well as national, provincial and territorial indicators that provide a measure of Canada's volunteer activities and charitable contributions in Canada.

Description:

The article focuses on the situation of parents and stepparents aged 20 to 64, who are members of a stepfamily. It examines the family structure and the parents' conjugal history. It also compares socieconomic characteristics of stepfamily parents with those in intact families, in particular their income, education, labor force participation and the financial difficulties they encounter.

Description:

This research paper constructs two experimental measures of the economic output of the education sector for Canada: an income-based measure and a cost-based measure. The measures differ from the existing measure currently used in the National Accounts, which is based on the volume of total input, and can be used to examine the productivity performance of the education sector. Both approaches are predicated on the notion that the output of the education sector represents investment in human capital. The income-based approach measures investment in education as increments in the future stream of earnings arising from education. The cost-based approach measures investment as total expenditures related to education.

Description:

Based on data from the Infertility Component of the 2009/2010 Canadian Community Health Survey, this study estimated the prevalence of help-seeking among couples trying to get pregnant. The association between seeking help and the couples' socio-demographic characteristics was examined, as were the methods they used to try to achieve pregnancy.

Description:

Data from the 2008/2009 Canadian Community Health Survey-Healthy Aging were used to examine the relationship between frequent social participation and self-perceived health, loneliness and life dissatisfaction in a sample of people aged 65 or older.

Description:

Using data from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey, this study explores the disparity in hypertension control between men and women aged 60 to 79.

Description:

This article in the Economic Insights series presents new income data on financial corporations derived from the revised Canadian System of National Accounts. It is one of a series of articles designed to emphasize key aspects of the new national accounts data and their utility for analyses of the Canadian economy.

Description:

This article in the Economic Insights series discusses the impact of capitalization of research and development (R&D) expenditure on gross domestic product (GDP) and productivity growth. Capitalizing R&D expenditure increases the scope of investment, and hence, the level of measured capital and GDP. Because R&D expenditure accounts for a small share of GDP, R&D capitalization has little impact on GDP and labour productivity growth.

Description:

This Juristat article presents information on adults in custody and under community supervision in Canada. Short- and long-term trends are explored at both the national and provincial/territorial levels. As well, the characteristics of adults in the correctional system (such as their age, sex and Aboriginal identity) are discussed.

Description:

This Juristat article provides a statistical overview of youth admitted to and released from custody and community services in Canada. Analysis is presented at the national as well as the provincial and territorial levels. Average counts, admissions, and the characteristics of youth in the correctional system (such as age, sex and Aboriginal identity) are discussed.

Description:

This study uses the 2007 National Apprenticeship Survey (NAS) to compare hourly wage differences observed between apprentices who complete their programs and apprentices who discontinue their programs. The primary objective is to estimate the magnitude of the wage difference between these groups while taking into account a broad range of characteristics. Furthermore, wage comparisons are refined further by disaggregating apprentices into four mutually exclusive groups, defined on the basis of program completion and certification.

Description:

This note provides users with a reconciliation between Canadian and American measures of household disposable income, debt and the household credit market debt to disposable income ratio.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: Language. Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2011 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, talks about changes made to the 2011 Census, data quality and historical comparability, as well as comparison with other data sources. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

This article has been prepared to help users understand the changes introduced as a result of the historical revision of the National Balance Sheet Account, due to the implementation of the new international standards published in System of National Accounts 2008.

Description:

This report highlights the revisions to the quarterly estimates of labour productivity and associated variables in the business sector resulting from the historical revision of the national gross domestic product by income and by expenditure accounts (NIEA) released on October 1st, 2012.

Description:

This article has been prepared to help users understand the changes introduced as a result of the historical revision of the international accounts of the Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA), due to the implementation of the new international standards published in System of National Accounts 2008 and in Balance of Payments Manual, Sixth Edition.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: Family variables. Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2011 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, talks about changes made to the 2011 Census, data quality and historical comparability, as well as comparison with other data sources. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: Structural Type of Dwelling and Collectives variables.

Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2011 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, talks about changes made to the 2011 Census, data quality and historical comparability, as well as comparison with other data sources. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description: This catalogue briefly describes all Labour Force Survey products offered on a monthly, annual and occasional basis. It includes products, uses, general release dates, formats available and prices, as well as special request services and Internet services. It also introduces any changes to products.

Description:

Macroeconomic data for Canada, including Canada's National Accounts (gross domestic product (GDP), saving and net worth), Balance of International Payments (current and capital account surplus or deficit and International Investment Position) and Government Financial Statistics (government deficit and debt) are based on international standards. These international standards are set on a coordinated basis by international organizations including the United Nations, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and Eurostat, with input from experts around the world. Canada has always played an important role in the development and updating of these standards as they have transformed from the crude guidelines of the early to mid 20th century to the fully articulated standards that exist today.

The purpose of this document is to introduce a new presentation of the quarterly National Accounts (Income and Expenditure Accounts, Financial Flow Accounts and National Balance Sheet Accounts) that will be published with the conversion of the Canadian National Accounts to the latest international standard - System of National Accounts 2008.

Description:

This Cartographic Boundary File for Canada contains the boundaries of all 82 census agricultural regions delineated for the 2011 Census of Agriculture together with the shoreline around Canada and the larger inland lakes, all integrated in a single layer. The boundary file co-ordinates are latitude/longitude and are based on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The file is available in ARC/INFO Interchange, MapInfo Interchange and Geography Markup Language formats.A reference guide is also provided.