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- Survey of Household Spending (9)
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- 11. Preparing for retirement ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20050028452Geography: CanadaDescription:
Settling into retirement involves changes in many aspects of a person's life. Certainly financial adjustments are involved as employment income is replaced by retirement income and spending patterns are altered. People often find they have to make psychological and social adjustments as well. In light of these substantial transformations in lifestyle, retirement counsellors are increasingly encouraging older workers to prepare just as carefully for the non-financial as the financial challenges of retirement. This article draws on the 2002 General Social Survey (GSS) to examine four specific non-financial preparations made prior to leaving the labour force by Canadians who had retired in the previous 10 years (1992 to 2002).
Release date: 2005-09-13 - Articles and reports: 11-010-X20050088449Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
The purpose of this paper is to analyse geographic income disparities in Canada from the perspective of provinces and especially urban and rural areas. In particular, it looks at how per capita incomes vary across the urban-rural continuum - that is, how per capita incomes in large cities like Toronto and Montreal compare with medium sized cities like Halifax and Victoria, small cities like Brandon and Drummondville and with rural areas.
Release date: 2005-08-11 - 13. Does inflation vary with income? ArchivedArticles and reports: 62-001-X20050068081Description:
This study examined the inflation rate experienced by two sets of households - the 20% with the lowest incomes and the 20% with the highest incomes - between January 1992 and February 2004. The Consumer Price Index tracked closely the inflation experienced by these two groups.
Release date: 2005-07-22 - 14. Provincial Income Disparities Through an Urban-rural Lens: Evidence from the 2001 Census ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-624-M2005012Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This paper describes per capita employment income disparities across provinces and across the urban-rural continuum, from larger to small cities and between cities and rural areas. Its first objective is to compare the degree of income disparities across provinces to income disparities across the urban-rural continuum. Its second objective is to determine the extent to which provincial disparities can be tied to the urban-rural composition of provinces. The paper also seeks to determine whether urban-rural disparities in per capita employment income stem from poorer labour market conditions in smaller cities and rural areas compared to large cities.
Release date: 2005-07-21 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005005Description:
This discussion paper reviews the previous research into the subject of presenting historical time series and comparisons in constant dollars for the Survey of Household Spending (SHS), and its predecessor the Family Expenditure Survey (FAMEX). It examines two principal methods of converting spending data into constant dollars. The purpose of this discussion paper is to show interested parties how the two methods differ in complexity of implementation and interpretation.
Release date: 2005-07-15 - Articles and reports: 62F0026M2005003Description:
The Food Expenditure Survey (FES) is a periodic survey collecting data from households on food spending habits. Data are collected mainly using weekly diaries of purchases that the respondents must fill in daily during two consecutive weeks.
The FES, like all surveys, is subject to error despite all the precautions taken at the various stages of the survey to control them. Although there is no exhaustive measure of a survey's data quality, certain quality measures taken at various stages of the survey can provide the user with relevant information to ensure sound data interpretation.
This paper presents, for the 2001 FES, the following quality indicators the coefficients of variation, the non-response rates, the vacancy rates, the slippage rates, the imputation rates as well the impacts of imputation on the estimates.
Release date: 2005-07-08 - 17. Methodology of the Food Expenditure Survey ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005004Description:
The Food Expenditure Survey (FES) is a periodic survey collecting data from households on food spending habits. Data are collected mainly using weekly diaries of purchases that the respondents must fill in daily during two consecutive weeks.
This paper presents a detailed description of the methodology of this survey. First, we briefly described the sample design which is mainly based on the plan of the Labour Force Survey. Then we present the methods of collection, data processing, weighting, and variance estimation, as well as the suppression of unreliable data in the tables of estimates.
Release date: 2005-07-08 - 18. The Effects of the Revised Estimation Methodology on Estimates from Household Expenditure Surveys ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005002Description:
This document will provide an overview of the differences between the old and the new weighting methodologies and the effect of the new weighting system on estimations.
Release date: 2005-06-30 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005262Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper reviews the increase in the earnings gap between immigrants and Canadian-born over the past two decades, and the current explanations of this labour market deterioration among recent immigrants in particular. The paper also outlines the rising gap in low-income rates between immigrants and non-immigrants. Like previous research, the paper concludes that the earnings gap at entry has increased for immigrants entering Canada during the 1990s, as compared to those of the 1970s. Furthermore, the gap in the low-income rate has been increasing. The rate of low income has been rising among immigrants (particularly recent immigrants) during the 1990s, while falling among the Canadian-born. The rise in low-income rates among immigrants was widespread, affecting immigrants in all education groups, age groups, and from most source countries (except the "traditional source regions"). Immigrants with university degrees were not excluded from this rise in low-income rates, in spite of the discussion regarding the rising demand for more highly-skilled workers in Canada. As a result of both rising low-income rates among immigrants, and their increasing share of the population, in Canada's major cities virtually all of the increase in the city low-income rates during the 1990s was concentrated among the immigrant population.
Also reviewed here are the explanations discussed in the literature for the deterioration of immigrant economic outcomes. Three major sources are identified as being empirically important, all of which follow from declining labour market outcomes. First, the change in the characteristics of immigrants (e.g., from different source regions, rising levels of educational attainment, etc.) appears to have accounted for about one-third of the increase in the earnings gap at entry (i.e., the gap between immigrants and comparable Canadian-born). Second, decreasing economic returns to foreign work experience appears to play an equally large role. Third, there has been a general decline in the labour market outcomes of all new entrants to the Canadian labour market, and when new immigrants arrive in Canada they, regardless of age, appear to face a similar phenomenon. Other possible explanations are also discussed. Importantly, one potential factor that does not appear to be behind the decline is a reduction in the economic return to education. Immigrants, on average, do have a somewhat lower return to education obtained prior to immigrating (although not to education obtained once in Canada), but this has not changed much over the past two decades.
Release date: 2005-06-27 - 20. Property taxes relative to income ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510313137Geography: CanadaDescription:
Local government revenues are increasingly perceived as inadequate to fund the program responsibilities of municipalities. Property taxes (residential and non-residential) are by far the most important revenue source, accounting for 35% in 2003 (up from 30% in 1988). But, residential property taxes are commonly viewed as regressive in relation to income. This study uses the 2001 Census of Population to quantify the regressiveness of residential property taxes in Canadian municipalities, and to examine whether regressive taxes are generally attributable to lower-income seniors living in high-priced homes.
Release date: 2005-06-20
Data (1)
Data (1) ((1 result))
- 1. 1996 Census Electronic Area Profiles ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 94F0048XDescription:
These profiles provide a statistical overview of Canada, presenting most of the univariate census variables for various levels of geography. The data for the census variables were collected from a 20% sample of the population, with the exception of the data for the age, sex and marital status variables, which were collected from the total population.
Release date: 2005-04-26
Analysis (32)
Analysis (32) (0 to 10 of 32 results)
- 1. Out-of-pocket spending on prescription drugs ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200510913149Geography: CanadaDescription:
While spending on prescription drugs still constitutes less than 1% of the overall household budget, the average expenditure rose 71% between 1992 and 2002. Lack of universal coverage for prescription drugs could adversely affect seniors on fixed incomes and people with specific medical conditions. Spending is most affected by province of residence.
Release date: 2005-12-22 - 2. Who's missing out on the GIS? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200511013151Geography: CanadaDescription:
The Guaranteed Income Supplement is one of the pillars of Canada's safety net for seniors. Available to those with little or no income other than Old Age Security, it plays an integral part in reducing low income among those 65 and over. However, a misunderstanding of the rules and requirements has meant that some eligible seniors are missing out.
Release date: 2005-12-22 - 3. Shifts in spending patterns of older Canadians ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X20051128982Geography: CanadaDescription:
As households age and labour market attachment diminishes, income, savings and wealth generally become less. Households also become smaller as adult children leave or a spouse dies. And spending patterns change. Using 'similar' households, this study looks at changes in spending patterns for households headed by persons aged 55 or older in 1982 and 2003.
Release date: 2005-12-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005272Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper makes use of matched tax-return data for daughters, their parents, their partners and their partners' parents to investigate the interactions between intergenerational mobility and marital matching for young couples in Canada. We show how assortative mating contributes to intergenerational household income persistence. The strength of the association between sons-in-law's income and women's parental income means that the intergenerational link between household incomes is stronger than that found for daughters' own incomes alone. This is also the case when viewed from the other side, so that daughters' and their partners' earnings are related to partners' parental income. These results indicate that assortative matching magnifies individual-level intergenerational persistence.
In the second part of the paper we consider assortative mating by parental income. We find that daughter's parental income has an elasticity of almost 0.2 with respect to her partner's parental income. This association is of approximately the same magnitude as the intergenerational link between parents' and children's incomes. We investigate variations in the correlation between the parental incomes across several measured dimensions; cohabiting couples have lower correlations, as do those who form partnerships early, those who live in rural areas and most interestingly, those who later divorce. We interpret this last result as evidence that, on average, couples with parental incomes that are more similar enjoy a more stable match.
Release date: 2005-12-08 - 5. Christmas Shopping: A Provincial Perspective ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-621-M2005034Geography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
This article analyses Holiday retail sales in 2004 by commodity as well as by province and territory using data from the Monthly Retail Trade Survey and the Quarterly Retail Commodity Survey. Western Canadians led the country last Christmas in December 2004, with Albertans spending more per capita in retail stores than consumers in any other province. For Canada as a whole, the pace of growth in sales in stores doubled in December 2004 compared with the same month in 2003. What did shoppers buy besides toys and clothing? Jewellery, cameras and small electrical appliances were very popular gift items for the season.
Release date: 2005-12-07 - 6. The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2005265Geography: CanadaDescription:
We investigate how family earnings instability has evolved between the late 1980s and the late 1990s and how family income instability varies across segments of the (family-level) earnings distribution. We uncover four key patterns. First, among the subset of families who were intact over the 1982-1991 and 1992-2001 periods, family earnings instability changed little between the late 1980s and the late 1990s. Second, the dispersion of families' permanent earnings became much more unequal during that period. Third, families who were in the bottom tertile of the (age-specific) earnings distribution in 1992-1995 had, during the 1996-2001 period, much more unstable market income than their counterparts in the top tertile. Fourth, among families with husbands aged under 45, the tax and transfer system has, during the 1996-2001 period, eliminated at least two-thirds (and up to all) of the differences in instability (measured in terms of proportional income gains/losses) in family market income that were observed during that period between families in the bottom tertile and those in the top tertile. This finding highlights the key stabilization role played by the tax and transfer system, a feature that has received relatively little attention during the 1990s when Employment Insurance (EI) (formerly known as Unemployment Insurance (UI)) and Social Assistance were reformed.
Release date: 2005-11-02 - 7. Summary Of: The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001 ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2005266Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Instability of Family Earnings and Family Income in Canada, 1986 to 1991 and 1996 to 2001. Despite its implications for family well-being, little attention has been paid to the analysis of earnings instability in the context of the family versus the earnings profiles of individuals. While a focus on individuals is important, the extent to which families can generate stable income flows from the labour market is a key concern for policymakers. Therefore, using data from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD), this study documents how family earnings instability has evolved between two six-year periods: 1986-1991 and 1996-2001. We also examine how husbands' earnings instability compares to couples' earnings instability, and we compute measures of instability based on family earnings, family market income, and family income before and after tax. This allows us to examine the extent to which wives' earnings reduce the volatility of husbands' employment income; the extent to which the tax and transfer system plays a stabilization role; and the extent to which wives' earnings, taxes, and transfers reduce the differences in instability between couples in the bottom of the earnings distribution and those in the top.
Release date: 2005-11-02 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X20040018753Description:
For the estimation of low-income households, a supplementary sample is selected within a limited number of geographic areas. This paper presents the dual sample design used, along with scenarios considered and some findings that led to the choices made.
Release date: 2005-10-27 - 9. Preparing for retirement ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20050028452Geography: CanadaDescription:
Settling into retirement involves changes in many aspects of a person's life. Certainly financial adjustments are involved as employment income is replaced by retirement income and spending patterns are altered. People often find they have to make psychological and social adjustments as well. In light of these substantial transformations in lifestyle, retirement counsellors are increasingly encouraging older workers to prepare just as carefully for the non-financial as the financial challenges of retirement. This article draws on the 2002 General Social Survey (GSS) to examine four specific non-financial preparations made prior to leaving the labour force by Canadians who had retired in the previous 10 years (1992 to 2002).
Release date: 2005-09-13 - Articles and reports: 11-010-X20050088449Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
The purpose of this paper is to analyse geographic income disparities in Canada from the perspective of provinces and especially urban and rural areas. In particular, it looks at how per capita incomes vary across the urban-rural continuum - that is, how per capita incomes in large cities like Toronto and Montreal compare with medium sized cities like Halifax and Victoria, small cities like Brandon and Drummondville and with rural areas.
Release date: 2005-08-11
Reference (8)
Reference (8) ((8 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005007Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending, which gathers information on the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households. The survey covers private households in the 10 provinces. (The territories are surveyed every second year, starting in 1999.)
This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables, as well as descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. One section describes the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, aggregates and medians).
Release date: 2005-12-12 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005006Description:
This report describes the quality indicators produced for the 2003 Survey of Household Spending. These quality indicators, such as coefficients of variation, nonresponse rates, slippage rates and imputation rates, help users interpret the survey data.
Release date: 2005-10-06 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005005Description:
This discussion paper reviews the previous research into the subject of presenting historical time series and comparisons in constant dollars for the Survey of Household Spending (SHS), and its predecessor the Family Expenditure Survey (FAMEX). It examines two principal methods of converting spending data into constant dollars. The purpose of this discussion paper is to show interested parties how the two methods differ in complexity of implementation and interpretation.
Release date: 2005-07-15 - 4. Methodology of the Food Expenditure Survey ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005004Description:
The Food Expenditure Survey (FES) is a periodic survey collecting data from households on food spending habits. Data are collected mainly using weekly diaries of purchases that the respondents must fill in daily during two consecutive weeks.
This paper presents a detailed description of the methodology of this survey. First, we briefly described the sample design which is mainly based on the plan of the Labour Force Survey. Then we present the methods of collection, data processing, weighting, and variance estimation, as well as the suppression of unreliable data in the tables of estimates.
Release date: 2005-07-08 - 5. The Effects of the Revised Estimation Methodology on Estimates from Household Expenditure Surveys ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005002Description:
This document will provide an overview of the differences between the old and the new weighting methodologies and the effect of the new weighting system on estimations.
Release date: 2005-06-30 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2005005Description:
The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) conducts two annual interviews: the Labour interview in January and the Income interview in May. The data are collected using computer-assisted interviewing. Thus there are no paper questionnaires required for data collection. The questions, responses and interview flow for Labour and Income are documented in other SLID research papers. This document presents the information for the 2004 Entry Exit portion of the Labour and the Income interviews (for the 2003 reference year).
The Entry Exit Component consists of five separate modules. The Entry module is the first set of data collected. It is information collected to update household composition and place of residence. For each person identified in Entry, the Demographics module collects (or updates) the person's name, date of birth, sex and marital status. Then the Relationships module identifies (or updates) the relationship between each respondent and every other household member. Relationship data is not collected in the May Income interview. The Exit module includes questions on who to contact for the next interview and the names, phone numbers and addresses of two contacts to be used only if future tracing of respondents is required. An overview of the Tracing module is also included in this document.
Release date: 2005-06-16 - 7. Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), 2003 Reference Year: May 2004 Income Interview Questionnaire ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2005008Description:
In May 2004 the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) collected data on income from both its third and fourth panels. Panel 3 was in its fifth year of collection and panel 4 was in its second year.
Respondents had the option of answering income questions in an interview, or of giving permission to Statistics Canada to allow SLID to use the information on their income tax return.
The purpose of this document is to present the questions, possible responses and question flows for the 2004 Income questionnaire (for the 2003 reference year).
Release date: 2005-06-16 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2005001Description:
This paper provides some guidance to users on the use of medians and also gives some examples of situations when it can be a more appropriate measure than the average.
Release date: 2005-05-17
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