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- 1. Commercializing the results of research in Canadian universities and hospitals: An update for 2003 ArchivedArticles and reports: 88-003-X20050038760Geography: CanadaDescription:
In recent years, the Government of Canada has made substantial new investment in university research with research funding of $4.0 billion in 2003. To commercialize their technologies, Canadian universities and hospitals created 64 spin-off companies in 2003, for a total of 876 created to date. This article highlights some of the changes between 2001 and 2003, as well as presenting the latest regional results.
Release date: 2005-10-26 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050038767Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the context of the progressive depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves, energy research and development (R&D) is turning towards renewable resources. This article shows a rise during the period 2000 to 2002, compared with the period 1994 to 1996, in the share of R&D dedicated to energy "alternatives", and in particular to renewable energy resources. Between the same periods, expenditures for "traditional" types of energy R&D have fallen.
Release date: 2005-10-26 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050038768Geography: CanadaDescription:
Measuring industrial research and development interests many analysts of science and technology. Comparing Canada with other G-7 countries is common in other areas. This article links those two concepts and provides highlights.
Release date: 2005-10-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005032Geography: CanadaDescription:
Estimates of GDP are sensitive to whether a business expenditure is treated as an investment or an intermediate input. Shifting an expenditure category from intermediate expenditures to investment expenditures increases GDP. While the international guide to measurement (the SNA (93)) recognizes that R&D has certain characteristics that make it more akin to an investment than an intermediate expenditure, it did not recommend that R&D be treated as an investment because of problems in finding a "clear criteria for delineating [R&D] from other activities".
This paper examines whether the use of the OECD Frascati definition is adequate for this purpose. It argues that it is too narrow and that attempts to modify the National Accounts would not be well served by its adoption. In particular, it argues that the appropriate concept of R&D that is required for the Accounts should incorporate a broad range of science-based innovation costs and that this broader R&D concept is amenable to measurement.
Finally, the paper argues that failing to move in the direction of an expanded definition of R&D capital will have consequences for comparisons of Canadian GDP to that of other countries - in particular, our largest trading partner, the United States. It would provide a biased estimate of Canada's GDP relative to the United States. If all science-based innovation expenditures are to be capitalized, GDP will increase. But it appears that Canada's innovation system is directed more towards non-R&D science-based expenditures than the innovation systems of many other countries. If Canada were to only capitalize the narrow Frascati definition of R&D expenditures and not a broader class of science-based innovation expenditures, we would significantly bias estimates of Canadian GDP relative to those for other countries, such as the United States, whose innovation systems concentrate more on traditional R&D expenditures.
Release date: 2005-04-12 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050017769Geography: CanadaDescription:
The two most commonly used measures of R&D intensity are R&D spending as a percentage of total revenue, commonly applied at the firm level, and R&D spending as a percentage of value-added, when measuring R&D in the total economy. This article highlights the interval 1997 to 2002, a period for which consistent data are available, to compare the two measures.
Release date: 2005-02-09 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050017770Geography: CanadaDescription:
A vast majority of the technology generated by federal research is destined to regulatory and stewardship applications. Some of it does have commercial applications and is licensed to the private sector. This article presents revised data and details by department.
Release date: 2005-02-09
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- 1. Commercializing the results of research in Canadian universities and hospitals: An update for 2003 ArchivedArticles and reports: 88-003-X20050038760Geography: CanadaDescription:
In recent years, the Government of Canada has made substantial new investment in university research with research funding of $4.0 billion in 2003. To commercialize their technologies, Canadian universities and hospitals created 64 spin-off companies in 2003, for a total of 876 created to date. This article highlights some of the changes between 2001 and 2003, as well as presenting the latest regional results.
Release date: 2005-10-26 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050038767Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the context of the progressive depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves, energy research and development (R&D) is turning towards renewable resources. This article shows a rise during the period 2000 to 2002, compared with the period 1994 to 1996, in the share of R&D dedicated to energy "alternatives", and in particular to renewable energy resources. Between the same periods, expenditures for "traditional" types of energy R&D have fallen.
Release date: 2005-10-26 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050038768Geography: CanadaDescription:
Measuring industrial research and development interests many analysts of science and technology. Comparing Canada with other G-7 countries is common in other areas. This article links those two concepts and provides highlights.
Release date: 2005-10-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005032Geography: CanadaDescription:
Estimates of GDP are sensitive to whether a business expenditure is treated as an investment or an intermediate input. Shifting an expenditure category from intermediate expenditures to investment expenditures increases GDP. While the international guide to measurement (the SNA (93)) recognizes that R&D has certain characteristics that make it more akin to an investment than an intermediate expenditure, it did not recommend that R&D be treated as an investment because of problems in finding a "clear criteria for delineating [R&D] from other activities".
This paper examines whether the use of the OECD Frascati definition is adequate for this purpose. It argues that it is too narrow and that attempts to modify the National Accounts would not be well served by its adoption. In particular, it argues that the appropriate concept of R&D that is required for the Accounts should incorporate a broad range of science-based innovation costs and that this broader R&D concept is amenable to measurement.
Finally, the paper argues that failing to move in the direction of an expanded definition of R&D capital will have consequences for comparisons of Canadian GDP to that of other countries - in particular, our largest trading partner, the United States. It would provide a biased estimate of Canada's GDP relative to the United States. If all science-based innovation expenditures are to be capitalized, GDP will increase. But it appears that Canada's innovation system is directed more towards non-R&D science-based expenditures than the innovation systems of many other countries. If Canada were to only capitalize the narrow Frascati definition of R&D expenditures and not a broader class of science-based innovation expenditures, we would significantly bias estimates of Canadian GDP relative to those for other countries, such as the United States, whose innovation systems concentrate more on traditional R&D expenditures.
Release date: 2005-04-12 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050017769Geography: CanadaDescription:
The two most commonly used measures of R&D intensity are R&D spending as a percentage of total revenue, commonly applied at the firm level, and R&D spending as a percentage of value-added, when measuring R&D in the total economy. This article highlights the interval 1997 to 2002, a period for which consistent data are available, to compare the two measures.
Release date: 2005-02-09 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050017770Geography: CanadaDescription:
A vast majority of the technology generated by federal research is destined to regulatory and stewardship applications. Some of it does have commercial applications and is licensed to the private sector. This article presents revised data and details by department.
Release date: 2005-02-09
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