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- Selected: Labour (29)
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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 2. The Duration of Unemployment: A User Guide ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1995084Geography: CanadaDescription:
The objective of this paper is to introduce in a new measure of the average duration of unemployment spells using Canadian data. The paper summarizes the work of Corak (1993) and Corak and Heisz (1994) on the average complete duration of unemployment in a non-technical way by focusing on the distinction between it and the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is regularly released by Statistics Canada. It is pointed out that the latter is a lagging cyclical indicator. The average complete duration of unemployment is a more accurate indicator of prevailing labour market conditions, but some assumptions required in its derivation also imply that it lags actual developments.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 3. Women as main wage-earners ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042457Geography: CanadaDescription:
One of the most radical changes in Canadian society in the past 30 years has been the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families. Using the most recent data on families with employment income, this article examines couples in which wives earn more than their husbands, to see how they differ from the majority of working husband-wife families (those in which the husband is the main breadwinner).
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 4. Non-standard work on the rise ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042459Geography: CanadaDescription:
Although most employed Canadians still work in one full-time, permanent paid job, various forms of non-standard work have become more common. In 1994, the General Social Survey collected data on a variety of forms of non-standard work arrangements, updating information gathered in 1989. This study uses data from both years to analyze the growth and changes in the distribution of non-standard work.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995086Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines the factors influencing a firm's decision to train, using data taken from several recent Statistic Canada surveys that explore advanced technology use by Canadian manufacturing plants. Advanced technology adoption has been both rapid and pervasive, leading to concerns about whether technology use is associated with an increase or a decrease in workers' skills. Based on the data collected through two surveys, this paper examines the relationship between technology use and the skill level of workers. It does so by first reporting on the opinions of managers of Canadian manufacturing establishments, who indicate that technology use leads to skill increases. Second, this paper examines the relationship between a plant's decision to train and certain other characteristics of the plant, including its technology use. Third, it investigates the factors related to the location of training in order to determine whether the training done by plants imparts primarily generic skills or plant-specific skills. Finally, it reports on survey results that show plants that introduced new technologies had to increase their expenditures for training.
Release date: 1995-11-30 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995082Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Since the 1970s, there has been a downward secular trend in the average real and relative earnings of young adults under the age of 35. Despite the fact that most young children live in households headed by adults under 35, there has been no corresponding secular rise in the incidence of low income among children. Rather child poverty has followed the usual fluctuations of the business cycle.
We show that the relative stability in child poverty rates in the face of declining labour market earnings is a result of two factors. First, the decline in market income in young households with children has been offset by rising transfers. Since the 1970s, social transfers have replaced earnings as the main source of income among low income families with children.
Second, changes in the fertility behaviour and labour market characteristics of young adults have sharply reduced the risk of young children growing up in low income households. Today's young parents are better educated, working more hours, having fewer children, and postponing child-birth until later ages when earnings are higher. Although more children do find themselves in single parent families, this change has been swamped by other changes in family patterns and labour market behaviour that have reduced the risk of child poverty.
Thus, the upward pressure on low income among children stemming from the labour market has been offset by social transfers, on the one hand, and by changes in family formation and the labour market behaviour of young adults, on the other. Except for cyclical variations, the result has been relative stability in the incidence of low income among children over the 1980s and early 1990s. Whether these offsetting patterns will continue in the last half of the 1990s remains to be seen.
Release date: 1995-09-30 - 7. Employment prospects for high school graduates ArchivedStats in brief: 75-001-X19950031636Geography: CanadaDescription:
Since the late seventies, 25 to 29 year-olds with only a secondary school education have had more difficulty finding employment, and much more difficulty obtaining well-paid work. A glance at the changes over time in the labour market "success" of 25 to 29 year-old secondary school graduates.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 8. Women in non-traditional occupations ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031637Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the midst of extensive restructuring and downsizing, women have continued to enter male-dominated occupations, albeit more slowly than before. This study explores women's occupational crossovers from 1986 to 1991 and compares them with earlier developments between 1971 and 1986.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X19950031638Geography: CanadaDescription:
Does graduation from a university co-op program provide advantages in the job market? A comparison of graduates of university co-op programs with their non co-op counterparts.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 10. Full-year employment across the country ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031639Geography: CanadaDescription:
Has the economy lost its capacity to generate enough full-time full-year employment to keep up with the growth in the working-age population? This article examines full-time and full-year employment rates by province from 1983 to 1993.
Release date: 1995-09-05
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Analysis (28)
Analysis (28) (0 to 10 of 28 results)
- 1. The Duration of Unemployment: A User Guide ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1995084Geography: CanadaDescription:
The objective of this paper is to introduce in a new measure of the average duration of unemployment spells using Canadian data. The paper summarizes the work of Corak (1993) and Corak and Heisz (1994) on the average complete duration of unemployment in a non-technical way by focusing on the distinction between it and the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is regularly released by Statistics Canada. It is pointed out that the latter is a lagging cyclical indicator. The average complete duration of unemployment is a more accurate indicator of prevailing labour market conditions, but some assumptions required in its derivation also imply that it lags actual developments.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 2. Women as main wage-earners ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042457Geography: CanadaDescription:
One of the most radical changes in Canadian society in the past 30 years has been the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families. Using the most recent data on families with employment income, this article examines couples in which wives earn more than their husbands, to see how they differ from the majority of working husband-wife families (those in which the husband is the main breadwinner).
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 3. Non-standard work on the rise ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042459Geography: CanadaDescription:
Although most employed Canadians still work in one full-time, permanent paid job, various forms of non-standard work have become more common. In 1994, the General Social Survey collected data on a variety of forms of non-standard work arrangements, updating information gathered in 1989. This study uses data from both years to analyze the growth and changes in the distribution of non-standard work.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995086Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines the factors influencing a firm's decision to train, using data taken from several recent Statistic Canada surveys that explore advanced technology use by Canadian manufacturing plants. Advanced technology adoption has been both rapid and pervasive, leading to concerns about whether technology use is associated with an increase or a decrease in workers' skills. Based on the data collected through two surveys, this paper examines the relationship between technology use and the skill level of workers. It does so by first reporting on the opinions of managers of Canadian manufacturing establishments, who indicate that technology use leads to skill increases. Second, this paper examines the relationship between a plant's decision to train and certain other characteristics of the plant, including its technology use. Third, it investigates the factors related to the location of training in order to determine whether the training done by plants imparts primarily generic skills or plant-specific skills. Finally, it reports on survey results that show plants that introduced new technologies had to increase their expenditures for training.
Release date: 1995-11-30 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995082Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Since the 1970s, there has been a downward secular trend in the average real and relative earnings of young adults under the age of 35. Despite the fact that most young children live in households headed by adults under 35, there has been no corresponding secular rise in the incidence of low income among children. Rather child poverty has followed the usual fluctuations of the business cycle.
We show that the relative stability in child poverty rates in the face of declining labour market earnings is a result of two factors. First, the decline in market income in young households with children has been offset by rising transfers. Since the 1970s, social transfers have replaced earnings as the main source of income among low income families with children.
Second, changes in the fertility behaviour and labour market characteristics of young adults have sharply reduced the risk of young children growing up in low income households. Today's young parents are better educated, working more hours, having fewer children, and postponing child-birth until later ages when earnings are higher. Although more children do find themselves in single parent families, this change has been swamped by other changes in family patterns and labour market behaviour that have reduced the risk of child poverty.
Thus, the upward pressure on low income among children stemming from the labour market has been offset by social transfers, on the one hand, and by changes in family formation and the labour market behaviour of young adults, on the other. Except for cyclical variations, the result has been relative stability in the incidence of low income among children over the 1980s and early 1990s. Whether these offsetting patterns will continue in the last half of the 1990s remains to be seen.
Release date: 1995-09-30 - 6. Employment prospects for high school graduates ArchivedStats in brief: 75-001-X19950031636Geography: CanadaDescription:
Since the late seventies, 25 to 29 year-olds with only a secondary school education have had more difficulty finding employment, and much more difficulty obtaining well-paid work. A glance at the changes over time in the labour market "success" of 25 to 29 year-old secondary school graduates.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 7. Women in non-traditional occupations ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031637Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the midst of extensive restructuring and downsizing, women have continued to enter male-dominated occupations, albeit more slowly than before. This study explores women's occupational crossovers from 1986 to 1991 and compares them with earlier developments between 1971 and 1986.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X19950031638Geography: CanadaDescription:
Does graduation from a university co-op program provide advantages in the job market? A comparison of graduates of university co-op programs with their non co-op counterparts.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 9. Full-year employment across the country ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031639Geography: CanadaDescription:
Has the economy lost its capacity to generate enough full-time full-year employment to keep up with the growth in the working-age population? This article examines full-time and full-year employment rates by province from 1983 to 1993.
Release date: 1995-09-05 - 10. Adult women's participation rate at a standstill ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950031640Geography: CanadaDescription:
Starting in 1991, the participation rate of women has declined and shows no sign of resuming its long-standing upward trend. This note explores the rates of adult women aged 25 to 54 by different characteristics.
Release date: 1995-09-05
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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-12-30
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