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All (156)
All (156) (100 to 110 of 156 results)
- Articles and reports: 81-003-X19990035008Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines available empirical evidence about the loss of knowledge workers from Canada to the United States (brain drain) and the gain of knowledge workers in Canada from the rest of the world (brain gain).
Release date: 2000-05-24 - Articles and reports: 81-003-X19990035009Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article documents the activities of Canadian postsecondary graduates who relocated to the United States.
Release date: 2000-05-24 - 103. To What Extent Are Canadians Exposed to Low Income? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000146Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this paper, we investigate the extent to which Canadians were exposed to low income during the 1993-1996 period. Our main findings are the following. First, while 1 in 10 Canadians live in families with low income in a given year, as many as 1 in 5 are exposed to at least one year of low income during a 4-year interval. Second, 1 in 20 Canadians are exposed to low income for 4 consecutive years. Third, 40% to 60% of individuals who fall into low income in a given year will no longer have low income the following year. Fourth, some spells of low income last a long time: of all spells started in 1994, 30% lasted 3 years or more. Fifth, Canadians who are the most susceptible to low income tend to be young; to have little education; to be students and to live as unattached individuals or in lone-parent families. As well, Canadians facing disabilities that entail work limitations, those who are members of visible minorities (when considering the exposure to 4 years of low income) or who have immigrated in or after 1977 tend to experience low income. Sixth, high probabilities of being exposed to low income do not necessarily imply high income gaps, that is, the average income of those in low income may be quite close to the low income cut-off. As a result, a complete understanding of the extent to which Canadians are exposed to low income requires an analysis of both the probabilities of being exposed and the income gaps while being exposed.
Release date: 2000-05-19 - 104. Import Competition and Market Power: Canadian Evidence ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000139Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper estimates price-marginal cost mark-ups for Canadian manufacturing industries in order to assess the impact of import competition on domestic market power. The results are mixed. Although the overall relationship between mark-ups and imports is positive across industries for the early 1970s and insignificant for the late 1970s, there is some weak cross-sectional evidence to suggest that imports reduce market power in domestically concentrated industries. Changes in imports between the two periods, however, have a positive impact on mark-ups in concentrated industries. Thus, there is no consistent evidence for Canada that imports have had the beneficial impact on competition that has been emphasized in much of the literature. In contrast, an interesting result of the paper is that increases in exports are associated with reductions in mark-ups, suggesting that exports may have a stronger pro-competitive impact on domestic firms than imports.
Release date: 2000-05-04 - 105. The Performance of the 1990s Canadian Labour Market ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2000148Geography: CanadaDescription:
There is a general sense that the 1990s labour market was unique. It has been characterized by notions such as "downsizing", "technological revolution", "the knowledge-based economy", "rising job instability", and so on. This paper provides an extensive overview of the performance of the 1990s labour market, and asks just how different it was from the 1980s. It goes on to ask if the facts are consistent with many common beliefs and explanations. The paper focuses on (a) macro-level labour market outcomes, and (b) distributional outcomes. Macro-level topics include: has the nature of work changed dramatically in the 1990s? has there been a continued ratcheting up of unemployment? have we witnessed rising job instability and increased levels of layoffs? did company downsizing increase in the 1990s? why did per capita income growth stall in the 1990s? for a worker with a given level of human capital, has there been a deterioration in labour market outcomes?
Much of the focus in the labour market over the 1980s and 1990s was on distributional outcomes - who is winning and who is losing. Some of the distributional outcomes of the 1990s labour market addressed in the paper include: outcomes for men and women; changes in the relative wages of the highly educated and earnings inequality; trends in the rate of low-income; the changing outcomes for recent labour market entrants, including young people and immigrants; and the extent to which technological change plays a major role in these outcomes.
The paper concludes with a discussion of the overall performance of the 1990s labour market as compared to the 1980s.
Release date: 2000-05-04 - 106. Food services competition in the 1990's ArchivedArticles and reports: 63-016-X19990044946Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article will examine how food service providers and food stores have competed for Canadians' food dollars in the 1990s, and then look at how this intense competition has affected both industries. Each industry has evolved with the objective of improving efficiency and gaining additional market share.
Release date: 2000-04-14 - Articles and reports: 87-003-X20000024939Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this article, we describe, first the changes that have occurred in the family structure. An overview of the demographic changes that have marked the period from 1980 to 1998, will shed some light on the factors that seem to influence the travel market at the start of the millenium. We then paint a picture of travel by Canadian families in 1998 compared to that of adults travelling alone. In this latter section, we present some of the strategies the tourst industry uses to adapt to these new markets.
Release date: 2000-04-12 - 108. Health status of children ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19990034932Geography: CanadaDescription:
The 20th century saw a dramatic decline in infant mortality in Canada and an accompanying decline in regional disparities in infant mortality.
Income-related differences in infant mortality diminished substantially; however, by 1996, rates in the poorest neighbourhoods were still two-thirds higher than those in the richest neighbourhoods.
Infant mortality in Canada's poorest neighbourhoods is now significantly lower than the national rate for the United States. However, it is less impressive than what has been attained in parts of Europe, such as France and Sweden. The infant mortality rate in Canada's richest neighbourhoods is currently only about as low as the national rate for Sweden.
In recent years in Canada, income-related disparities in infant mortality have ceased to diminish, although regional disparities have continued to decline.
Since 1971, Canada has seen dramatic reductions in child mortality due to most external causes of death (accidents, poisoning and violence). Nevertheless, there has been an increase in suicides among children.
Most children in Canada are in very good health. However, socioeconomic differences are evident from an early age. The children of parents with a low level of education are more likely to have poorer perceived health and are less likely to enjoy unbroken good health.
Release date: 2000-03-31 - 109. Health in midlife ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19990034933Geography: CanadaDescription:
Most Canadians enjoy good health in the middle years, although, not surprisingly, health declines with age.
The prevalence of several chronic conditions and activity limitations due to a health problem has declined for those aged 45 to 64 over the past 20 years. At the same time, the prevalence of asthma and migraine headaches has increased for women aged 45 to 64; diabetes and asthma have increased among men in the same age group.
Lower levels of education and income are associated with an increased likelihood of a decline in health and with chronic illness.
Release date: 2000-03-31 - 110. Health among older adults ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19990034934Geography: CanadaDescription:
Our improving life expectancy in Canada does not necessarily mean more years in poor health. Older adults can expect an improved quality as well as an extended quantity of life compared with 20 years ago.
Aging does not necessarily result in a continuous decline in health. Close to half of older Canadians who reported fair or poor health in 1994/95 reported an improvement in their health in 1998/99.
The rate of institutionalization for Canadians aged 65 or older declined from 16% in 1981 to 14% in 1996, even with increases in life expectancy.
The rate of activity limitation among adults aged 65 to 74 who live at home has declined since 1978; among adults aged 75 or older who live at home, the rate has not changed since 1978.
The socioeconomic trends observed in younger age groups continue among older adults, although less so. Seniors who did not graduate from high school have increased odds of dying; those with low incomes have increased odds of institutionalization.
Release date: 2000-03-31
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Analysis (155)
Analysis (155) (30 to 40 of 155 results)
- Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000035770Geography: CanadaDescription:
Given the high cost of R&D, adopting the correct strategies and mix of products is required for success for Canadian biotechnology firms. A recent survey examined the rapid growth of 30 companies. Fast-growing enterprises adopted a strategy of patenting their products, avoiding major production delays, targeting export markets, accessing venture capital, conducting key alliances, and planning the IPO.
Release date: 2000-10-06 - 32. Biotechnology research and development (R&D) in Canadian industry: A portrait of large R&D performers in 1997 ArchivedArticles and reports: 88-003-X20000035772Geography: CanadaDescription:
Technological change and innovations depend greatly on R&D activities and investments. R&D is concentrated around the "core firms" that are responsible for 87% of expenditures. Biotechnology R&D performers accounted for $904 million of R&D expenditure. Biotechnology R&D is concentrated in large firms with 75% of R&D occuring in firms with 100 or more employees. Almost 77% of funding sources for R&D in biotechnology came from the private sector and 21% from foreign sources.
Release date: 2000-10-06 - 33. Business use of the Internet to purchase and sell ArchivedArticles and reports: 88-003-X20000035774Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the private sector, 10.1% of enterprises use the Internet to sell goods and services. The information and cultural industries utilize this growing form of commerce the greatest (20.1%). In comparison, 14.5% of public sector institutions sell goods or services with educational services leading the way, followed by federal and provincial governments.
Release date: 2000-10-06 - 34. Mapping innovation and connectedness ArchivedArticles and reports: 88-003-X20000035776Geography: CanadaDescription:
Location, location, location - is it important in research and technology? Statistics Canada survey data are being used to provide a new approach to analyze the usefulness of mapping key innovation indicators. By attaching survey data sets to sources with a larger sample size, detailed geographic distributions of establishments are estimated. Numerous data sets are being explored with the benefits to be realized in an interactive GIS.
Release date: 2000-10-06 - 35. Industrial research and development, 1996 to 2000 ArchivedStats in brief: 88-003-X20000035778Geography: CanadaDescription:
Updates on expenditures and personnel.
Release date: 2000-10-06 - 36. Factors that influence farm business behavior ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-004-X200010913028Geography: CanadaDescription:
Farm operators and farm families in Canada are a diverse group. Farm operators differ by age, experience, business expectations, size and scale. These differences account for the varying responses these farmers have to farm programs and other government policies. To determine these responses, a farm "typology" has been developed to take account of the factors influencing their behavior.
Release date: 2000-09-27 - 37. 100 years of immigration in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000025164Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at the changes in immigration to Canada during the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-09-12 - Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000025165Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at the evolution of heritage languages in the last half of the 20th century, with a focus on their transmission from one generation to the next.
Release date: 2000-09-12 - 39. A family affair: Children's participation in sports ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000025166Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article looks at the household characteristics of children aged 5 to 14 who play sports, with special focus on their parents' involvement in sport.
Release date: 2000-09-12 - 40. Dependence-free life expectancy in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20000025167Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article uses the measure of dependence-free life expectancy to ask whether the additional years of life gained over the last century are being lived in good health.
Release date: 2000-09-12
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Reference (1)
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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0033M2000003Geography: CanadaDescription:
This report provides an overview of an inventory of publicly available data on the nonprofit sector.
Release date: 2000-06-12
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