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All (48)
All (48) (0 to 10 of 48 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 2. The Duration of Unemployment: A User Guide ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M1995084Geography: CanadaDescription:
The objective of this paper is to introduce in a new measure of the average duration of unemployment spells using Canadian data. The paper summarizes the work of Corak (1993) and Corak and Heisz (1994) on the average complete duration of unemployment in a non-technical way by focusing on the distinction between it and the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is regularly released by Statistics Canada. It is pointed out that the latter is a lagging cyclical indicator. The average complete duration of unemployment is a more accurate indicator of prevailing labour market conditions, but some assumptions required in its derivation also imply that it lags actual developments.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 3. Tax assistance for pensions and RRSPs ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042454Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using the new Revenue Canada RRSP room file, this study shows how current tax-assistance rules apply to members of different plans, how levels of tax-assisted savings can vary widely and how these savings are integrated. It also notes the number of persons falling into the various tax-assistance categories.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 4. Who's saving for retirement? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042455Geography: CanadaDescription:
Current projections estimate that almost a quarter of the population will be 65 years or older by 2031. Ensuring that this group will have an adequate income has become an important concern. A look at the programs that now exist to help Canadians save for retirement, as well as who participates in them and how much is being saved.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 5. RRSP - Unused opportunities ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042456Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article provides previously unavailable information on RRSPs by tracking taxfilers' RRSP participation over a three-year period. It shows who contributed regularly, sporadically or not at all, and explores the extent to which individuals used their RRSP room.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 6. Women as main wage-earners ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042457Geography: CanadaDescription:
One of the most radical changes in Canadian society in the past 30 years has been the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families. Using the most recent data on families with employment income, this article examines couples in which wives earn more than their husbands, to see how they differ from the majority of working husband-wife families (those in which the husband is the main breadwinner).
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 7. Men retiring early: How are they doing? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042458Geography: CanadaDescription:
During the first half of the century, men generally worked until at least age 65. In the past four decades, however, an increasing proportion have been leaving the workforce before the traditional retirement age. How are these men doing financially?
Release date: 1995-12-05 - 8. Non-standard work on the rise ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950042459Geography: CanadaDescription:
Although most employed Canadians still work in one full-time, permanent paid job, various forms of non-standard work have become more common. In 1994, the General Social Survey collected data on a variety of forms of non-standard work arrangements, updating information gathered in 1989. This study uses data from both years to analyze the growth and changes in the distribution of non-standard work.
Release date: 1995-12-05 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995085Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper investigates the characteristics of Canadian manufacturing plants that are related to the use of advanced technologies. The data used are taken from the 1989 Survey of Manufacturing Technology and are linked to administrative data taken from the Census of Manufacturers. Technology use is defined first as incidence (whether a technology is used) and second as intensity (the number of technologies used). These variables (incidence and intensity) are then related to a number of characteristics that represent the competencies of the plant reporting technology use -- its size, the size of its owning enterprise, the recent growth of the plant, the number of industries in which its owning enterprise operates, its age, and nationality. The results are then compared to several recent U.S. studies.
Release date: 1995-11-30 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995086Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines the factors influencing a firm's decision to train, using data taken from several recent Statistic Canada surveys that explore advanced technology use by Canadian manufacturing plants. Advanced technology adoption has been both rapid and pervasive, leading to concerns about whether technology use is associated with an increase or a decrease in workers' skills. Based on the data collected through two surveys, this paper examines the relationship between technology use and the skill level of workers. It does so by first reporting on the opinions of managers of Canadian manufacturing establishments, who indicate that technology use leads to skill increases. Second, this paper examines the relationship between a plant's decision to train and certain other characteristics of the plant, including its technology use. Third, it investigates the factors related to the location of training in order to determine whether the training done by plants imparts primarily generic skills or plant-specific skills. Finally, it reports on survey results that show plants that introduced new technologies had to increase their expenditures for training.
Release date: 1995-11-30
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Analysis (47)
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- Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995080Geography: CanadaDescription:
Inequality in weekly earnings increased in the eighties in Canada. The growth in inequality occurred in conjunction with three facts. First, real hourly wages of young workers dropped more than 10%. Second, the percentage of employees working 35-40 hours per week in their main job fell and the fraction of employees working 50 hours or more per week rose. Third, there was a growing tendency for highly paid workers to work long workweeks. We argue that any set of explanations of the increase in weekly earnings inequality must reconcile these three facts. Sectoral changes in the distribution of employment by industry and union status explain roughly 30% of the rise in inequality. The reduction in real minimum wages and the decline of average firm size explain very little of the growth in age-earnings differentials. Skill-biased technological change could have increased both the dispersion of hourly wages and the dispersion of weekly hours of work and thus, is consistent a priori with the movements observed. Yet other factors may have played an equally important - if not more important - role. The growth in competitive pressures, possible shifts in the bargaining power (between firms and labour) towards firms, the greater locational mobility of firms, the increase in Canada's openness to international trade, the rise in fixed costs of labour and possibly in training costs may be major factors behind the growth in weekly earnings inequality in Canada.
Release date: 1995-07-30 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995081Geography: CanadaDescription:
Users of socio-economic statistics typically want more and better information. Often, these needs can be met simply by more extensive data collections, subject to usual concerns over financial costs and survey respondent burdens. Users, particularly for public policy purposes, have also expressed a continuing, and as yet unfilled, demand for an integrated and coherent system of socio-economic statistics. In this case, additional data will not be sufficient; the more important constraint is the absence of an agreed conceptual approach.
In this paper, we briefly review the state of frameworks for social and economic statistics, including the kinds of socio-economic indicators users may want. These indicators are motivated first in general terms from basic principles and intuitive concepts, leaving aside for the moment the practicalities of their construction. We then show how a coherent structure of such indicators might be assembled.
A key implication is that this structure requires a coordinated network of surveys and data collection processes, and higher data quality standards. This in turn implies a breaking down of the "stovepipe" systems that typify much of the survey work in national statistical agencies (i.e. parallel but generally unrelated data "production lines"). Moreover, the data flowing from the network of surveys must be integrated. Since the data of interest are dynamic, the proposed method goes beyond statistical matching to microsimulation modeling. Finally, these ideas are illustrated with preliminary results from the LifePaths model currently under development in Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-07-30 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X19950011661Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 1994, Statistics Canada began data collection for the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), a household survey designed to mesure the health status of Canadians and to expand knowledge of health determinants. The survey is longitudinal, with data being collected on selected panel members every second year. This article focuses on the NPHS sample design ant its rationale. Topics include sample allocation, representativeness, and selection; modifications in Quebec and the territories; and integration of the NPHS with the National Longitudinal Survey of Children. The final section considers some methodological issues to be addresses in future waves of the survey.
Release date: 1995-07-27 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X19950011662Geography: CanadaDescription:
Changes in Statistics Canada's annual population estimates, introduced in 1993, have an impact on a wide range of social, economic and demographic indicators. Any indicator that relies on population estimates will be affected by the new figures. This article describes the adjustment and examines its impact on health and vital statistics rates. With rare exceptions, all rates decrease as the denominators are adjusted upward. For example, accident rates, suicide rates, and age-specific fertility rates based on the adjustment population are lower than those previously calculated. The extent of the adjustment, however, depends on the geographic and demographic characteristics of the population at risk. Analysts whose work concentrates on special subgroups for whom the adjustment is particularly great (such as young adult men) may wish to pay closer attention to the new population figures. Although the new rates are lower than before, underlying trends and patterns over time or across subcategories are quite similar. The revised series incorporates estimates of net census undercoverage, and for the first time, includes non-permanent residents. In 1991, net census undercoverage and non-permanent residents together amounted to about one million persons, or 3.6% of the revised Canadian population of 28,120,100.
Release date: 1995-07-27 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X19950011663Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article examines national and regional trends in mortality and morbidity due to abdominal aortic aneurysms from 1969 to 1991. Annual age-adjusted mortality and hospital separation rates were calculated for men and women aged 55 and older whose underlying cause of death was abdominal aortic aneurysm, or who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In recent decades, abdominal aortic aneurysm mortality rates remained stable, in contrast to substantial declines in mortality rates for cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease. The pattern was similar for both sexes, although rates were four to five times higher among men than among women. In 1991, age-adjusted rates were around 31.0 per 100,000 men aged 55 and over and 8.5 per 100,000 women aged 55 and over. Over the 1969 to 1991 period mortality rates in all regions tended to coverage. Although mortality rates were stable, hospital separation rates for abdominal aortic aneurysms increased sharply, particularly for unruptured aneurysms. Screening programs have been able to detect asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms, and surgical intervention can substantially reduce mortality. However, the costs and benefits of screnning programs should be assessed. If current mortality rates persist, as the baby boom ages there will be an absolute increase in the number of deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Release date: 1995-07-27 - 26. Trends in hospital utilization, 1982-83 to 1992-93 ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19950011664Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the early 1990s, Canadians were less likely to be hospitalized than they had been a decade before. And when they did enter hospital, their stays tended to be shorter. As well, hospitalization for surgical procedures was less frequent and required less time in hospital.
Nonetheless, a few patterns persisted throughout the decade. Females were more likely than males to be admitted to hospital - largely a reflection of obstetrical procedures - but females' average length of stay was slightly less than that of male patients. However, with advancing age, the likelihood of hospitalization and the duration of stays increased for both sexes.
Release date: 1995-07-27 - 27. Deaths, 1993 ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X19950011665Geography: CanadaDescription:
Between 1992 and 1993, the life expectancy at birth of Canadians fell slightly, from 78.06 to 77.95 years. This decline reflected an unusually sharp upturn in the number of deaths in 1993, which was attributable, to some extent, to an influenza outbreak in early spring that year, and to substantial increases in tobaccorelated deaths among women. The overall decline in life expectancy occurred in every province except Nova Scotia, and affected both sexes, although it was more pronounced among females.
Release date: 1995-07-27 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995067Geography: CanadaDescription:
The role of technical innovation in economic growth is both a current matter of keen public policy interest, and active exploration in economic theory. However, formal economic theorizing is often constrained by considerations of mathematical tractability. Evolutionary economic theories which are realized as computerized microsimulation models offer significant promise both for transcending mathematical constraints and addressing fundamental questions in a more realistic and flexible manner. This paper sketches XEcon, a microsimulation model of economic growth in the evolutionary tradition.
Release date: 1995-06-30 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1995078Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper investigates the dynamics of job reallocation in the manufacturing sector of Canada. It does so by examining the pattern and magnitude of job gain, job loss, and total job turnover due to growth and decline of some firms, and entry and exit of other firms. It also investigates how the effect of cyclical as opposed to structural influences on job turnover have changed over time. Finally, the paper investigates whether the pattern and magnitude of job turnover differ across industries and across regions, and whether the differences are either caused by differences in cyclical sensitivity of job creation and job destruction or in the extent to which restructuring is taking place.
Release date: 1995-06-30 - 30. Families and moonlighting ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19950021590Geography: CanadaDescription:
Over the last decade, moonlighting has increased significantly. A look at the incidence of multiple jobholding in husband-wife families.
Release date: 1995-06-01
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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-12-30
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