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All (156) (100 to 110 of 156 results)

101. Brain drain and brain gain: The migration of knowledge workers from and to Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19990035008
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines available empirical evidence about the loss of knowledge workers from Canada to the United States (brain drain) and the gain of knowledge workers in Canada from the rest of the world (brain gain).
Release date: 2000-05-24
102. Pathways to the United States: Graduates from the class of '95 Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19990035009
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article documents the activities of Canadian postsecondary graduates who relocated to the United States.
Release date: 2000-05-24
103. To What Extent Are Canadians Exposed to Low Income? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000146
Geography: Canada
Description:
In this paper, we investigate the extent to which Canadians were exposed to low income during the 1993-1996 period. Our main findings are the following. First, while 1 in 10 Canadians live in families with low income in a given year, as many as 1 in 5 are exposed to at least one year of low income during a 4-year interval. Second, 1 in 20 Canadians are exposed to low income for 4 consecutive years. Third, 40% to 60% of individuals who fall into low income in a given year will no longer have low income the following year. Fourth, some spells of low income last a long time: of all spells started in 1994, 30% lasted 3 years or more. Fifth, Canadians who are the most susceptible to low income tend to be young; to have little education; to be students and to live as unattached individuals or in lone-parent families. As well, Canadians facing disabilities that entail work limitations, those who are members of visible minorities (when considering the exposure to 4 years of low income) or who have immigrated in or after 1977 tend to experience low income. Sixth, high probabilities of being exposed to low income do not necessarily imply high income gaps, that is, the average income of those in low income may be quite close to the low income cut-off. As a result, a complete understanding of the extent to which Canadians are exposed to low income requires an analysis of both the probabilities of being exposed and the income gaps while being exposed.
Release date: 2000-05-19
104. Import Competition and Market Power: Canadian Evidence Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000139
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper estimates price-marginal cost mark-ups for Canadian manufacturing industries in order to assess the impact of import competition on domestic market power. The results are mixed. Although the overall relationship between mark-ups and imports is positive across industries for the early 1970s and insignificant for the late 1970s, there is some weak cross-sectional evidence to suggest that imports reduce market power in domestically concentrated industries. Changes in imports between the two periods, however, have a positive impact on mark-ups in concentrated industries. Thus, there is no consistent evidence for Canada that imports have had the beneficial impact on competition that has been emphasized in much of the literature. In contrast, an interesting result of the paper is that increases in exports are associated with reductions in mark-ups, suggesting that exports may have a stronger pro-competitive impact on domestic firms than imports.
Release date: 2000-05-04
105. The Performance of the 1990s Canadian Labour Market Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000148
Geography: Canada
Description:
There is a general sense that the 1990s labour market was unique. It has been characterized by notions such as "downsizing", "technological revolution", "the knowledge-based economy", "rising job instability", and so on. This paper provides an extensive overview of the performance of the 1990s labour market, and asks just how different it was from the 1980s. It goes on to ask if the facts are consistent with many common beliefs and explanations. The paper focuses on (a) macro-level labour market outcomes, and (b) distributional outcomes. Macro-level topics include: has the nature of work changed dramatically in the 1990s? has there been a continued ratcheting up of unemployment? have we witnessed rising job instability and increased levels of layoffs? did company downsizing increase in the 1990s? why did per capita income growth stall in the 1990s? for a worker with a given level of human capital, has there been a deterioration in labour market outcomes?
Much of the focus in the labour market over the 1980s and 1990s was on distributional outcomes - who is winning and who is losing. Some of the distributional outcomes of the 1990s labour market addressed in the paper include: outcomes for men and women; changes in the relative wages of the highly educated and earnings inequality; trends in the rate of low-income; the changing outcomes for recent labour market entrants, including young people and immigrants; and the extent to which technological change plays a major role in these outcomes.
The paper concludes with a discussion of the overall performance of the 1990s labour market as compared to the 1980s.
Release date: 2000-05-04
106. Food services competition in the 1990's Archived
Articles and reports: 63-016-X19990044946
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article will examine how food service providers and food stores have competed for Canadians' food dollars in the 1990s, and then look at how this intense competition has affected both industries. Each industry has evolved with the objective of improving efficiency and gaining additional market share.
Release date: 2000-04-14
107. The changing family and the evolution of the Canadian family travel market, 1980-1998 Archived
Articles and reports: 87-003-X20000024939
Geography: Canada
Description:
In this article, we describe, first the changes that have occurred in the family structure. An overview of the demographic changes that have marked the period from 1980 to 1998, will shed some light on the factors that seem to influence the travel market at the start of the millenium. We then paint a picture of travel by Canadian families in 1998 compared to that of adults travelling alone. In this latter section, we present some of the strategies the tourst industry uses to adapt to these new markets.
Release date: 2000-04-12
108. Health status of children Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990034932
Geography: Canada
Description:
The 20th century saw a dramatic decline in infant mortality in Canada and an accompanying decline in regional disparities in infant mortality.
Income-related differences in infant mortality diminished substantially; however, by 1996, rates in the poorest neighbourhoods were still two-thirds higher than those in the richest neighbourhoods.
Infant mortality in Canada's poorest neighbourhoods is now significantly lower than the national rate for the United States. However, it is less impressive than what has been attained in parts of Europe, such as France and Sweden. The infant mortality rate in Canada's richest neighbourhoods is currently only about as low as the national rate for Sweden.
In recent years in Canada, income-related disparities in infant mortality have ceased to diminish, although regional disparities have continued to decline.
Since 1971, Canada has seen dramatic reductions in child mortality due to most external causes of death (accidents, poisoning and violence). Nevertheless, there has been an increase in suicides among children.
Most children in Canada are in very good health. However, socioeconomic differences are evident from an early age. The children of parents with a low level of education are more likely to have poorer perceived health and are less likely to enjoy unbroken good health.
Release date: 2000-03-31
109. Health in midlife Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990034933
Geography: Canada
Description:
Most Canadians enjoy good health in the middle years, although, not surprisingly, health declines with age.
The prevalence of several chronic conditions and activity limitations due to a health problem has declined for those aged 45 to 64 over the past 20 years. At the same time, the prevalence of asthma and migraine headaches has increased for women aged 45 to 64; diabetes and asthma have increased among men in the same age group.
Lower levels of education and income are associated with an increased likelihood of a decline in health and with chronic illness.
Release date: 2000-03-31
110. Health among older adults Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X19990034934
Geography: Canada
Description:
Our improving life expectancy in Canada does not necessarily mean more years in poor health. Older adults can expect an improved quality as well as an extended quantity of life compared with 20 years ago.
Aging does not necessarily result in a continuous decline in health. Close to half of older Canadians who reported fair or poor health in 1994/95 reported an improvement in their health in 1998/99.
The rate of institutionalization for Canadians aged 65 or older declined from 16% in 1981 to 14% in 1996, even with increases in life expectancy.
The rate of activity limitation among adults aged 65 to 74 who live at home has declined since 1978; among adults aged 75 or older who live at home, the rate has not changed since 1978.
The socioeconomic trends observed in younger age groups continue among older adults, although less so. Seniors who did not graduate from high school have increased odds of dying; those with low incomes have increased odds of institutionalization.
Release date: 2000-03-31

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Analysis (155)

Analysis (155) (0 to 10 of 155 results)

1. Literacy in Canada: Disparity Between Francophones and Anglophones Archived
Journals and periodicals: 89-573-X
Geography: Canada
Description:
The international Adult Literacy Survey of 1994 is an important source of information about the literacy levels of Canadians as well as the factors that can explain the disparities between certain sub-populations. The current study shows and tries to explain some of the disparities between Francophones and Anglophones in Canada.
Release date: 2000-12-22
2. Break and enter in Canada, 1999 Archived
Articles and reports: 85-002-X20000138386
Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area
Description:
This report provides an overview of residential, business and 'other' break and enter (B & E) offences in Canada, including trends at the national, provincial and metropolitan area levels, as well as characteristics of B & E incidents, accused persons and victims. In addition the offence known as "home invasion" is also discussed. Data are examined from both the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) survey and the General Social Survey (GSS) on victimization. Data from both youth and adult court are examined to look at the types of sentences being given to persons convicted of B & E offences.
Release date: 2000-12-19
3. Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000160
Geography: Canada
Description:
In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.
Release date: 2000-12-13
4. Factors Associated with Female Employment Rates in Rural and Small Town Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 21-006-X2000001
Geography: Canada
Description:
Historically, female employment rates in rural areas have been significantly below the rates for women in urban areas (Bollman, 1991; Fuguitt, Brown and Beale, 1989). The objective of this paper is to explore some of the factors associated with these rural-urban differences in female employment rates.
Release date: 2000-12-13
5. 100 years of income and expenditures Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035386
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article looks at Canadians' incomes and expeditures in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12
6. 100 years of health Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035387
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article looks briefly at changes in health in the 20th century, with special focus on the concerns of Canadians in childhood, mid-life and old age.
Release date: 2000-12-12
7. 100 years of urban development Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035388
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article traces the development of Canada from a rural to an urban society in the 20th century.
Release date: 2000-12-12
8. Patterns of religious attendance Archived
Articles and reports: 11-008-X20000035389
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article looks at the effect of declining religious attendance on social cohesion in the general society.
Release date: 2000-12-12
9. Minimum wage [2009] Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010313246
Geography: Canada
Description:
All provinces and territories set minimum wages in their employment standards legislation. This update uses the Labour Force Survey to examine the characteristics of those who work at or below the minimum wage for experienced adults in each jurisdiction. The incidence of working for minimum wage has increased each year since 2006 but remains concentrated among youth, particularly young women.
Release date: 2000-12-11
10. Income in manufacturing regions Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010713254
Geography: Canada
Description:
The loss of manufacturing jobs can affect other sectors of the economy, particularly when local employment is heavily concentrated in manufacturing. This article covers income, low-income incidence and Employment Insurance use, in regions with varying concentrations of manufacturing employment. The article focuses on the period from 2000 the most recent peak in manufacturing employment to 2007 the last full year of economic growth.
Release date: 2000-12-11

Reference (1)

Reference (1) ((1 result))

1. Publicly Available Data Resources on the Non-profit Sector in Canada Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0033M2000003
Geography: Canada
Description:
This report provides an overview of an inventory of publicly available data on the nonprofit sector.
Release date: 2000-06-12

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Date modified:: 2024-07-03