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This release provides data on the research and development activities of the private non-profit sector. Although the contribution of this sector to the national research and development effort is small in dollar terms, (approximately 0.6% of the total research and development performed in Canada for 2001) its impact, particularly in the university and hospital sectors, is significant.

This paper compares six definitions of the word 'rural' from databases at Statistics Canada. Each definition emphasizes different criteria (population size, density, context) and has different associated thresholds. The size of the territorial units (building blocks) from which each definition is constructed also varies.

Businesses today are involved in a variety of practices aimed at preventing or reducing environmental degradation generated from their production activity. During the 1990s, the environmental regulation context changed. Increasingly, governments have relied on voluntary initiatives undertaken by businesses to reduce pollutants and waste, as opposed to regulations. However, at the same time, the federal authorities have undertaken to revise the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), in order to increase federal power for environmental regulation but with strong emphasis put on promoting pollution prevention. Consequently, businesses today are looking at alternative ways to limit impacts from their operations on the environment.

Environmental Management and Technologies in the Business Sector presents a profile of business demand for environmental processes and technologies, pollution prevention methods and environmental practices, such as environmental management systems and voluntary actions. What types of treatment processes are the most popular ones for reducing gas emissions, liquid, solid and hazardous waste, noise, radiation and vibration, for saving energy or for site reclamation? What is the market for environmental processes and technologies? What pollution prevention methods are used more frequently? What additional environmental practices have businesses adopted (for instance, are voluntary programs more popular than eco-labelling?)?

This paper is based on results from the Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures. For the first time, the survey asked detailed questions on the type of environmental process or technology used and the adoption of environmental practices. The paper is a complement to both 1996-1997 and 1998 Environmental Protection Expenditures in the Business Sector reports (Catalogue no. 16F0006XIE).

Cyber-crime is a global problem that in many instances transcends national borders. Historically, compiling meaningful statistics about this activity has been difficult because of the reluctance on the part of victims to report these offences to police. However, because of the financial losses sustained, an increasing number of these crimes are being reported to police. As a result, federal, provincial and territorial governments, as well as the police community, are interested in analyzing national trends on cyber-crime and their impact on Canadians.

In response to this need for information, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) conducted a Special Study to examine the issues and data sources related to cyber-crime and to investigate the feasibility of collecting quantitative data from police services in Canada. This report examines definitions of cyber-crime, current legislation in Canada and other countries, existing data sources, summarizes results from consultations with selected police forces, and presents options for collecting cyber-crime data from police agencies.

This paper examines the characteristics of men 55 and over who are no longer active in the labour market, and the "voluntary" or "involuntary" reasons for inactivity.

This article looks at how people feel about their neighbourhood.

This article explores the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the underweight population.

This article examines the extent to which Canadian families are financially vulnerable to adverse events, such as a sudden loss of income or unexpected bills.

This article focusses on the change in unmet health care needs reported by Canadians from 1998 to 2001, using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and the National Population Health Survey.

This article addresses overqualification, which concerns both workers and employers because people who hold jobs that make few demands on their skills have lower earnings and lower levels of productivity.

This table shows population and dwelling counts summed for the seven components of the Statistical Area Classification (SAC). These SAC components include: all census metropolitan areas (CMAs); all census agglomerations (CAs); each of the four categories (strongly influenced, moderately influenced, weakly influenced and not influenced) of the CMA and CA influenced zones (MIZ) within the ten provinces; and all the territories (all of Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory, minus the data for CAs located in these territories).

The report shows domestic sales, purchases, production and inventories of deodorized oils from processors of oils producing fully deodorized edible products for the month and year-to-date. Before 1995, it also contained data on sales of deodorized oils, packaged margarine, shortening and salad oils as well as oilseed crushings, and production and stocks of vegetable oils. It also includes explanatory notes. The December issue includes a list of reporting firms.

This publication contains data on manufacturers' sales (including imports) of electric lamps, light bulbs and tubes. It includes the number of units sold and the dollar value (factory billing price) of factory sales, by province each month along with the cumulative total for the year. The December issue includes a list of reporting firms.

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a collaborative effort among member countries of the OECD, designed to assess, on a regular basis, the achievement of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematical and scientific literacy through a common international test.

This report presents initial results for Canada, Canadian provinces and selected countries from PISA 2000. Reading literacy is the major focus of PISA 2000, with mathematical and scientific literacy as minor domains.

This report also includes results from the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS), a Canadian longitudinal survey designed to examine the patterns of, and influences on, major transitions in young people's lives, particularly with respect to education, training and work.

Thirty-two countries participated in PISA 2000. In Canada, approximately 30,000 15-year-old students from more than 1,000 schools participated.

This article examines the substantial increase in the numbers and rates of hip and knee replacements among seniors between 1981-82 and 1998-99, while also looking at the decline in the length of stay for both procedures. This increase in joint replacement surgery was evident for both sexes and in all senior age groups, although rates were consistently higher for women.

This is a condensed version of the study Unveiling the digital divide (Connectedness series), catalogue no. 56F0004MIE no. 7, and covers the same subject matter. The digital divide, commonly understood as the gap between information and communications technology (ICT) 'haves' and 'have-nots', has emerged as an important issue of our times, largely due to the uneven diffusion of the Internet.

Many variables, including income, education, age and geographical location, exert significant influences on household penetration of both ICT and non-ICT commodities. Thus, divides can be defined for any permutation of the above. In the case of ICTs, divides depend on the specific technology, its timing of introduction, as well as the variable of interest.

This study shows that the digital divide is sizeable; ICT penetration rates grow with income. Generally, the effect of income is larger on newer ICTs (Internet, computers, cell phones) than older and established ones (television, telephone). Then, using the Internet penetration of households by detailed income level, it finds that in an overall sense the Internet divide is slowly closing. This, however, is the result of the accelerated adoption of the Internet by middle-income households - particularly upper middle. The Internet divide is widening when the lowest income deciles are compared with the highest income decile.

At the same time, the rates of growth of Internet adoption among lower-income households exceed those of higher-income households. This is typical of penetration patterns of ICT and non-ICT commodities. Rates of growth are initially very high among high-income groups, but at later stages it is the penetration of lower-income groups that grows faster.

This paper looks at the digital divide, commonly understood as the gap between information and communications technology (ICT) 'haves' and 'have-nots.' It examines the many variables, including income, education, age and geographical location, that exert significant influences on household penetration of both ICT and non-ICT commodities.

Increasing numbers of consumers have come to believe in the perceived value and quality available in organic foods. Nevertheless, organic farming still occupies only a small niche in Canada's agricultural sector.

Located mainly in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, the organic fruit and vegetable industry is not showing any particular signs of increased producer participation. Still, supermarkets across the country are setting aside ever-larger portions of their produce sections for organic produce, and natural food stores are expanding rapidly. Obviously, there is a niche market driven by consumers concerned with maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Recognizing that there is the need for better information and statistics on organized crime, and for methodologies to measure its impact on Canadians, the federal, provincial and territorial ministers responsible for Justice have endorsed a plan to begin addressing Canada's data gap in the area of organized crime.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics was contracted by the Solicitor General of Canada to investigate the feasibility of collecting quantitative data on organized crime. This report highlights the lessons learned during consultations with selected police intelligence units and it presents a number of options for data collection.

This annual report is an examination of homicide in Canada. Detailed information is presented on the characteristics of homicide incidents (murder, manslaughter and infanticide), and, within the context of both short and long-term trends, the victims and accused. Geographical patterns of homicide are examined at the national and provincial/territorial levels, as well as for major metropolitan areas. Other key themes include international comparisons of homicide, gang-related homicides, firearm-related homicides, youth homicide and family (including spousal) homicides. The data are intended to respond to the needs of those who work in the criminal justice system, as well as to inform researchers, policy analysts, academics, the media and the public on the nature and extent of homicide in Canada.

This paper examines the food-retailing sector of the Canadian economy for the period 1990 to 1998, using profitability as a measure of performance.

This article looks at those most likely to live alone, the amount of time spent alone on an average day, attitudes to spending time alone and the influence that time spent alone has on overall happiness.

This article looks at who is most likely to search the Internet for health-related topics, what sort of information is sought and if it is credible.

This article uses the 2000 General Social Survey to identify the basic characteristics of those Canadians who speak in a public forum.

The Dissemination Area Reference Maps Reference Guide is available for the following products:- Dissemination Area Reference Maps, by Census Tract, for Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0146XIB, 92F0146XCB and 92F0146XPB)- Dissemination Area Reference Maps, by Non-tracted Census Agglomeration, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0147XIB, 92F0147XCB and 92F0147XPB)- Dissemination Area Reference Maps, by Census Division, for Areas Outside Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0148XIB, 92F0148XCB and 92F0148XPB). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of these products, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.

The set of Dissemination Area Reference Maps by Census Tract covers all 27 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and the 19 census agglomerations (CAs) that are part of the census tract program. Each map in the set covers one census tract (CT) and shows the boundaries and codes of dissemination areas within that CT. The maps also show census tract, census subdivision, and census metropolitan area or census agglomeration boundaries on a background of detailed street networks and other visible features such as rivers, lakes and railroad tracks.There are 6,157 maps in this set - generally one map per census tract. The dimensions of each map are approximately 27 cm by 43 cm (11 inches by 17 inches). Map scales vary according to the size of the census tract; thus the maps cannot be cut and pasted together. In cases where there is too much detail to show on one map, the census tract may be split into two or four maps. Clients are not charged for the extra maps resulting from the CT split. A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0146GIE).Dissemination area reference maps are also available for smaller urban centres, that is, non-tracted census agglomerations (92F0147XCB, 92F0147XIB, 92F0147XPB), and by census division for areas outside census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (92F0148XCB, 92F0148XIB, 92F0148XPB). Together, the three sets of dissemination area maps cover all of Canada.

The set of Dissemination Area Reference Maps by Non-tracted Census Agglomeration covers the smaller census agglomerations that are not part of the census tract program. Each map in the set covers one census agglomeration (CA) and shows the boundaries and codes of dissemination areas within that CA. The maps also show the boundaries of census subdivisions (municipalities), as well as urban areas, and representative points for designated places. The maps include background information such as rivers, lakes, railroad tracks and provincial boundaries, and other significant features.There are 173 maps in this set - between one and four maps per census agglomeration.. Some maps include insets to show detail for the congested areas. These insets appear on the main map where possible, but in some cases it appears on a second map sheet. The maps vary in scale and size, the maximum dimensions being approximately 91 cm by 101 cm (36 inches by 40 inches). A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0146GIE).Dissemination area reference maps are also available for census tract for large urban centres, that is, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (92F0146XCB, 92F0146XIB, 92F0146XPB), and by census division for areas outside census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (92F0148XCB, 92F0148XIB, 92F0148XPB). Together, the three sets of dissemination area maps cover all of Canada.

The set of Dissemination Area Reference Maps covers areas outside census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs). Each map in the set covers one census division (CD) and shows the boundaries and codes of dissemination areas within that CD. The maps also show the boundaries of census subdivisions, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, as well as urban areas and representative points for designated places. The maps include background information such as rivers, lakes, railroad tracks and provincial boundaries, and other significant features.There are approximately 600 maps in this set - generally two maps per census division. Some maps include insets to show detail for the congested areas. These insets appear on the main map where possible, but in some cases they appear on a second map sheet. The maps vary in scale and size; the maximum dimensions are approximately 91 cm by 101 cm (36 inches by 40 inches). A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0146GIE).Dissemination area reference maps are also available by census tract for larger urban centres, that is, census metropolitaan areas and census agglomerations (92F0146XCB, 92F0146XIB, 92F0146XPB), and by small urban centres, that is, non-tracted census agglomarations (92F0147XCB, 92F0147XIB, 92F0147XPB). Together, the three sets of dissemination area maps cover all of Canada.

The Census Division and Census Subdivision Reference Maps Reference Guide is available for the following products: Census Division and Census Subdivision Reference Maps, by Province or Territory, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0149XIB, 92F0149XCB and 92F0149XPB). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of these products, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.

The set of Census Division and Census Subdivision Reference Maps covers all of Canada, by province and territory. The maps show the boundaries, names and codes of census divisions (such as counties and regional districts) and census subdivisions (such as cities, towns, villages, other local municipal entities, townships and Indian reserves). The maps also show the boundaries of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations. There are 22 maps in the set: one map covers each province or territory, except for Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta where two maps cover each province, British Columbia where three maps cover the province, and Quebec where four maps cover the province. The maps vary in scale (ranging from 1:310,000 to 1:3,500,000) and size, the maximum dimensions being approximately 145 cm by 99 cm (57 inches by 39 inches). The maps have the same general look as in 1996. A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0149GIE). The complete set of CD/CSD maps is available in the Standard Geographical Classification Manual, Volume II (Catalogue No. 12-572-XPB). This publication also includes three maps of Canada at the 1:10,000,000 scale, one showing census divisions, one showing economic regions and census divisions, and one showing point locations of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

GeoSuite is a tool for data retrieval, query, and tabular output, with software. GeoSuite allows users to explore the links between all standard levels of geography and to determine geographic codes, names, and population and dwelling counts. GeoSuite includes a dissemination area (DA) reference map listing that facilitates the identification of appropriate DA reference maps.

This national map shows the boundaries, names and codes of federal electoral districts (FEDs) according to the 1996 Representation Order, on a background of major lakes and rivers. Insets show more detail for the congested areas on the map. The FED map was produced by Natural Resources Canada for Elections Canada. The dimensions of this map are approximately 28 cm by 79 cm (11 inches by 31 inches).

The Road Network Files Reference Guide is available for the following product: Road Network Files (RNFs) (Catalogue No. 92F0157XCE). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of the product, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.

The Skeletal Road Network File Reference Guide is available for the following product: Skeletal Road Network File (SRNF) (Catalogue No. 92F0158XCE). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of the product, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.