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This release provides data on the research and development activities of the private non-profit sector. Although the contribution of this sector to the national research and development effort is small in dollar terms, (approximately 0.6% of the total research and development performed in Canada for 2001) its impact, particularly in the university and hospital sectors, is significant.

This paper compares six definitions of the word 'rural' from databases at Statistics Canada. Each definition emphasizes different criteria (population size, density, context) and has different associated thresholds. The size of the territorial units (building blocks) from which each definition is constructed also varies.

Businesses today are involved in a variety of practices aimed at preventing or reducing environmental degradation generated from their production activity. During the 1990s, the environmental regulation context changed. Increasingly, governments have relied on voluntary initiatives undertaken by businesses to reduce pollutants and waste, as opposed to regulations. However, at the same time, the federal authorities have undertaken to revise the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), in order to increase federal power for environmental regulation but with strong emphasis put on promoting pollution prevention. Consequently, businesses today are looking at alternative ways to limit impacts from their operations on the environment.

Environmental Management and Technologies in the Business Sector presents a profile of business demand for environmental processes and technologies, pollution prevention methods and environmental practices, such as environmental management systems and voluntary actions. What types of treatment processes are the most popular ones for reducing gas emissions, liquid, solid and hazardous waste, noise, radiation and vibration, for saving energy or for site reclamation? What is the market for environmental processes and technologies? What pollution prevention methods are used more frequently? What additional environmental practices have businesses adopted (for instance, are voluntary programs more popular than eco-labelling?)?

This paper is based on results from the Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures. For the first time, the survey asked detailed questions on the type of environmental process or technology used and the adoption of environmental practices. The paper is a complement to both 1996-1997 and 1998 Environmental Protection Expenditures in the Business Sector reports (Catalogue no. 16F0006XIE).

Cyber-crime is a global problem that in many instances transcends national borders. Historically, compiling meaningful statistics about this activity has been difficult because of the reluctance on the part of victims to report these offences to police. However, because of the financial losses sustained, an increasing number of these crimes are being reported to police. As a result, federal, provincial and territorial governments, as well as the police community, are interested in analyzing national trends on cyber-crime and their impact on Canadians.

In response to this need for information, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) conducted a Special Study to examine the issues and data sources related to cyber-crime and to investigate the feasibility of collecting quantitative data from police services in Canada. This report examines definitions of cyber-crime, current legislation in Canada and other countries, existing data sources, summarizes results from consultations with selected police forces, and presents options for collecting cyber-crime data from police agencies.

This paper examines the characteristics of men 55 and over who are no longer active in the labour market, and the "voluntary" or "involuntary" reasons for inactivity.

This article looks at how people feel about their neighbourhood.

This article explores the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the underweight population.

This article examines the extent to which Canadian families are financially vulnerable to adverse events, such as a sudden loss of income or unexpected bills.

This article focusses on the change in unmet health care needs reported by Canadians from 1998 to 2001, using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and the National Population Health Survey.

This article addresses overqualification, which concerns both workers and employers because people who hold jobs that make few demands on their skills have lower earnings and lower levels of productivity.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions, census subdivisions and dissemination areas.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions, census subdivisions and dissemination areas.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories and forward sortation areas.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions, census subdivisions and dissemination areas.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories and forward sortation areas.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions, census subdivisions and dissemination areas.

This table is part of the topic "Housing," which presents 2001 Census data on dwellings, including structural type of dwelling, number of rooms and bedrooms, condition of dwelling and period of construction, as well as data on households, including household maintainer and tenure (owned, rented and band housing).

It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. Refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB for more information.

This article focuses exclusively on Canadians who reported their home language to be either English or French, regardless of province of residence. Throughout this article different proxies are used to describe the patterns in culture participation by language.

For many countries, tourism has become an increasingly important economic activity; it is now common practice for national governments to practice for national governments to develop policies to encourage its growth.

Migration is a concern for rural and small town (RST) areas of Canada as rural development is essentially a demographic phenomenon. To date, there has been little analysis of migration patterns and their affect on RST areas. To better understand the contribution that movers have on the RST population, this paper documents internal migration into and out of RST Canada. Specifically, the characteristics of the moving population that are 15 years of age and over, with a focus on their levels of human capital, are examined. In addition, characteristics of migrating youth are discussed as youth can be seen as an indicator of the state of rural areas and are a key factor in rural development. The understanding of the patterns of migration may give rise to solutions for the retention of human capital in rural and small town areas and the promotion of rural development.

This paper examines the Canadian labour market during the 1990s and contrasts it to prior decades, with a special focus on distributional outcomes. It discusses changes in relative earnings between groups, changes in relative labour market outcomes of women and older workers, changes in earnings and income inequality, and changes in low-income.

Telephone surveys are a convenient and efficient method of data collection. Bias may be introduced into population estimates, however, by the exclusion of nontelephone households from these surveys. Data from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) indicates that five and a half to six percent of American households are without phone service at any given time. The bias introduced can be significant since nontelephone households may differ from telephone households in ways that are not adequately handled by poststratification. Many households, called "transients", move in and out of the telephone population during the year, sometimes due to economic reasons or relocation. The transient telephone population may be representative of the nontelephone population in general since its members have recently been in the nontelephone population.

The number of calls in a telephone survey is used as an indicator of how difficult an intended respondent is to reach. This permits a probabilistic division of the non-respondents into non-susceptibles (those who will always refuse to respond), and the susceptible non-respondents (those who were not available to respond) in a model of the non-response. Further, it permits stochastic estimation of the views of the latter group and an evaluation of whether the non-response is ignorable for inference about the dependent variable. These ideas are implemented on the data from a survey in Metropolitan Toronto of attitudes toward smoking in the workplace. Using a Bayesian model, the posterior distribution of the model parameters is sampled by Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The results reveal that the non-response is not ignorable and those who do not respond are twice as likely to favor unrestricted smoking in the workplace as are those who do.

The theory of double sampling is usually presented under the assumption that one of the samples is nested within the other. This type of sampling is called two-phase sampling. The first-phase sample provides auxiliary information (x) that is relatively inexpensive to obtain, whereas the second-phase sample: (b) to improve the estimate using a difference, ratio or regression estimator; or (c) to draw a sub-sample of non-respondent units. However, it is not necessary for one of the samples to be nested in the other or selected from the same frame. The case of non-nested double sampling is dealt with in passing in the classical works on sampling (Des Raj 1968, Cochrane 1977). This method is now used in several national statistical agencies. This paper consolidates double sampling by presenting it in a unified manner. Several examples of surveys used at Statistics Canada illustrate this unification.

To augment the amount of available information, data from different sources are increasingly being combined. These databases are often combined using record linkage methods. When there is no unique identifier, a probabilistic linkage is used. In that case, a record on a first file is associated with a probability that is linked to a record on a second file, and then a decision is taken on whether a possible link is a true link or not. This usually requires a non-negligible amount of manual resolution. It might then be legitimate to evaluate if manual resolution can be reduced or even eliminated. This issue is addressed in this paper where one tries to produce an estimate of a total (or a mean) of one population, when using a sample selected from another population linked somehow to the first population. In other words, having two populations linked through probabilistic record linkage, we try to avoid any decision concerning the validity of links and still be able to produce an unbiased estimate for a total of the one of two populations. To achieve this goal, we suggest the use of the Generalised Weight Share Method (GWSM) described by Lavallée (1995).

This paper presents weighting procedures that combine information from multiple panels of a repeated panel household survey for cross-sectional estimation. The dynamic character of a repeated panel survey is discussed in relation to estimation of population parameters at any wave of the survey. A repeated panel survey with overlapping panels is described as a special type of multiple frame survey, with the frames of the panels forming a time sequence. The paper proposes weighting strategies suitable for various multiple panel survey situations. The proposed weighting schemes involve an adjustment of weights in domains of the combined panel sample that represent identical time periods covered by the individual panels. A weight adjustment procedure that deals with changes in the panels over time is discussed. The integration of the various weight adjustments required for cross-sectional estimation in a repeated panel household survey is also discussed.

This article reviews the methods that may be used to produce direct estimates for small areas, including stratification and oversampling, and forms of dual-frame estimation.

The Dissemination Area Reference Maps Reference Guide is available for the following products:- Dissemination Area Reference Maps, by Census Tract, for Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0146XIB, 92F0146XCB and 92F0146XPB)- Dissemination Area Reference Maps, by Non-tracted Census Agglomeration, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0147XIB, 92F0147XCB and 92F0147XPB)- Dissemination Area Reference Maps, by Census Division, for Areas Outside Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0148XIB, 92F0148XCB and 92F0148XPB). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of these products, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.

The set of Dissemination Area Reference Maps by Census Tract covers all 27 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and the 19 census agglomerations (CAs) that are part of the census tract program. Each map in the set covers one census tract (CT) and shows the boundaries and codes of dissemination areas within that CT. The maps also show census tract, census subdivision, and census metropolitan area or census agglomeration boundaries on a background of detailed street networks and other visible features such as rivers, lakes and railroad tracks.There are 6,157 maps in this set - generally one map per census tract. The dimensions of each map are approximately 27 cm by 43 cm (11 inches by 17 inches). Map scales vary according to the size of the census tract; thus the maps cannot be cut and pasted together. In cases where there is too much detail to show on one map, the census tract may be split into two or four maps. Clients are not charged for the extra maps resulting from the CT split. A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0146GIE).Dissemination area reference maps are also available for smaller urban centres, that is, non-tracted census agglomerations (92F0147XCB, 92F0147XIB, 92F0147XPB), and by census division for areas outside census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (92F0148XCB, 92F0148XIB, 92F0148XPB). Together, the three sets of dissemination area maps cover all of Canada.

The set of Dissemination Area Reference Maps by Non-tracted Census Agglomeration covers the smaller census agglomerations that are not part of the census tract program. Each map in the set covers one census agglomeration (CA) and shows the boundaries and codes of dissemination areas within that CA. The maps also show the boundaries of census subdivisions (municipalities), as well as urban areas, and representative points for designated places. The maps include background information such as rivers, lakes, railroad tracks and provincial boundaries, and other significant features.There are 173 maps in this set - between one and four maps per census agglomeration.. Some maps include insets to show detail for the congested areas. These insets appear on the main map where possible, but in some cases it appears on a second map sheet. The maps vary in scale and size, the maximum dimensions being approximately 91 cm by 101 cm (36 inches by 40 inches). A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0146GIE).Dissemination area reference maps are also available for census tract for large urban centres, that is, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (92F0146XCB, 92F0146XIB, 92F0146XPB), and by census division for areas outside census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (92F0148XCB, 92F0148XIB, 92F0148XPB). Together, the three sets of dissemination area maps cover all of Canada.

The set of Dissemination Area Reference Maps covers areas outside census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs). Each map in the set covers one census division (CD) and shows the boundaries and codes of dissemination areas within that CD. The maps also show the boundaries of census subdivisions, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, as well as urban areas and representative points for designated places. The maps include background information such as rivers, lakes, railroad tracks and provincial boundaries, and other significant features.There are approximately 600 maps in this set - generally two maps per census division. Some maps include insets to show detail for the congested areas. These insets appear on the main map where possible, but in some cases they appear on a second map sheet. The maps vary in scale and size; the maximum dimensions are approximately 91 cm by 101 cm (36 inches by 40 inches). A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0146GIE).Dissemination area reference maps are also available by census tract for larger urban centres, that is, census metropolitaan areas and census agglomerations (92F0146XCB, 92F0146XIB, 92F0146XPB), and by small urban centres, that is, non-tracted census agglomarations (92F0147XCB, 92F0147XIB, 92F0147XPB). Together, the three sets of dissemination area maps cover all of Canada.

The Census Division and Census Subdivision Reference Maps Reference Guide is available for the following products: Census Division and Census Subdivision Reference Maps, by Province or Territory, 2001 Census (Catalogue Nos. 92F0149XIB, 92F0149XCB and 92F0149XPB). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of these products, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.

The set of Census Division and Census Subdivision Reference Maps covers all of Canada, by province and territory. The maps show the boundaries, names and codes of census divisions (such as counties and regional districts) and census subdivisions (such as cities, towns, villages, other local municipal entities, townships and Indian reserves). The maps also show the boundaries of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations. There are 22 maps in the set: one map covers each province or territory, except for Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta where two maps cover each province, British Columbia where three maps cover the province, and Quebec where four maps cover the province. The maps vary in scale (ranging from 1:310,000 to 1:3,500,000) and size, the maximum dimensions being approximately 145 cm by 99 cm (57 inches by 39 inches). The maps have the same general look as in 1996. A reference guide is available (Catalogue No. 92F0149GIE). The complete set of CD/CSD maps is available in the Standard Geographical Classification Manual, Volume II (Catalogue No. 12-572-XPB). This publication also includes three maps of Canada at the 1:10,000,000 scale, one showing census divisions, one showing economic regions and census divisions, and one showing point locations of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

GeoSuite is a tool for data retrieval, query, and tabular output, with software. GeoSuite allows users to explore the links between all standard levels of geography and to determine geographic codes, names, and population and dwelling counts. GeoSuite includes a dissemination area (DA) reference map listing that facilitates the identification of appropriate DA reference maps.

This national map shows the boundaries, names and codes of federal electoral districts (FEDs) according to the 1996 Representation Order, on a background of major lakes and rivers. Insets show more detail for the congested areas on the map. The FED map was produced by Natural Resources Canada for Elections Canada. The dimensions of this map are approximately 28 cm by 79 cm (11 inches by 31 inches).

The Road Network Files Reference Guide is available for the following product: Road Network Files (RNFs) (Catalogue No. 92F0157XCE). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of the product, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.

The Skeletal Road Network File Reference Guide is available for the following product: Skeletal Road Network File (SRNF) (Catalogue No. 92F0158XCE). The Reference Guide describes the content and applications of the product, as well as data quality, record layouts, and other information.