Table 8 
Selected characteristics of police-reported hate crime incidents, victims, and accused persons, by selected motivation and time period, Canada, 2019 to 2024 

Total motivations includes mental or physical disability, language, sex or gender, age, immigrants or newcomers to Canada, a combination of more than two motivations, and other similar factors (e.g., occupation or political beliefs), as well as incidents where hate motivation was unknown.

Mischief includes all mischief-related violations, including mischief in relation to property used primarily for worship or by an identifiable group.

Cybercrime component represents incidents where one distinct violation within the incident was identified as the 'cybercrime violation'. The cybercrime violation represents the specific criminal violation within an incident in which a computer or the internet was the target of the crime, or the instrument used to commit the crime. For the majority of incidents, the cybercrime violation and the most serious violation were the same.

Location excludes incidents where location was unknown. Private residence includes: Single home, house, unit; Private property structure; Dwelling unit; Commercial dwelling unit. Public transit, street, road, open area includes: Parking lots; Transit bus or bus shelter; Subway or subway station; Other public transportation and connected facilities; Streets, roads or highways; Open areas; Construction site. Religious institution includes: Religious institutions. Education institution includes: Schools during supervised activity; Schools not during supervised activity; Universities or colleges. Other location includes: New or used car dealership; Bank and other financial institutions; Convenience stores; Gas station; Other commercial or corporate places; Other non-commercial or corporate places; Bar, restaurant or after-hour club; Hospital; Pharmacy; Correctional institution; Homeless shelter or mission; Nursing home; Retirement home; Community group home; Halfway house or young offender group home.

Criminal incidents are all assigned a clearance status by police: uncleared (an accused person has not been identified in connection with the incident and incident is open or still under investigation, insufficient evidence to proceed, or the victim or complainant declines to proceed); cleared by charge or charges recommended (at least one accused person has been identified and a criminal charge is laid or recommended to be laid; cleared otherwise (an accused person is identified, but charges are not or cannot be laid or recommended. For example due to the death of the accused person, departmental discretion, or the victim requesting that no further action be taken).

In police-reported crime data, victim records are collected for crimes against the person—"violent crime"—but not for property (non-violent) crimes.

Victim gender excludes victims where gender was unknown. The option for police to code victims as "non-binary" in the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey was implemented in 2018. In the context of the UCR Survey, the term "non-binary" refers to a person who publicly expresses themselves as neither exclusively man or woman. Given that small counts of victims identified as non-binary may exist, the UCR data available to the public have been recoded with these victims distributed in the "men and boys" or "women and girls" categories based on the regional distribution of victims' gender. This recoding ensures the protection of the confidentiality and privacy of victims.

Victim age excludes victims whose age was unknown and victims whose age was reported as 80 years or older, but were identified as possible instances of miscoding. Victims aged older than 110 years are also excluded from analyses due to possible instances of miscoding.

Injury excludes victims where injury level was unknown. No injury includes incidents where injury was "not applicable", meaning incidents that did not involve the use of a weapon or physical force. Minor injury refers to physical injury that required no professional medical treatment or only some first injury aid. Major injury refers to physical injury that is more than trifling or transient in nature and that injury required professional medical attention at the scene or transportation to a medical facility.

Accused-victim relationship excludes victims where the relationship to the accused is unknown. Intimate partner/other family member includes spouse, separated or divorced partner, parent, child, other immediate family, extended family, boyfriend or girlfriend, ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend, step-parent, step-child, or other intimate relationships. Victims of intimate partner violence include those aged 12 to 110 years. Friend or casual acquaintance includes authority figures, friends, business relationships, criminal relationships, casual acquaintances, neighbours, roommates and reverse authority figures.

Accused gender excludes accused where gender was unknown. The option for police to code accused as "non-binary" in the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey was implemented in 2018. In the context of the UCR Survey, the term "non-binary" refers to a person who publicly expresses themselves as neither exclusively man or woman. Given that small counts of accused identified as non-binary may exist, the UCR data available to the public have been recoded with these accused distributed in the "men and boys" or "women and girls" categories based on the regional distribution of accused people's gender. This recoding ensures the protection of the confidentiality and privacy of accused.

Accused age excludes accused whose age was unknown and accused whose age was reported as 80 years or older, but were identified as possible instances of miscoding. Accused aged older than 110 years are also excluded from analyses due to possible instances of miscoding.