Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
October 2023 |
November 2023 |
Standard error1 | October to November 2023 | November 2022 to November 2023 | October to November 2023 | November 2022 to November 2023 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 236.3 | 235.4 | 2.2 | -0.9 | 1.3 | -0.4 | 0.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 47.3 | 47.8 | 1.4 | 0.5 | -1.2 | 1.1 | -2.4 |
Agriculture | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.2 | -0.3 | 0.4 | -21.4 | 57.1 |
Natural resources2 | 17.3 | 16.1 | 0.9 | -1.2 | 0.6 | -6.9 | 3.9 |
Utilities | 2.7 | 2.4 | 0.1 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -11.1 | 14.3 |
Construction | 19.2 | 19.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | -1.6 | 1.6 | -7.6 |
Manufacturing | 6.7 | 8.6 | 0.8 | 1.9 | -0.9 | 28.4 | -9.5 |
Services-producing sector | 189.0 | 187.6 | 1.9 | -1.4 | 2.5 | -0.7 | 1.4 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 38.1 | 37.7 | 0.9 | -0.4 | 2.5 | -1.0 | 7.1 |
Transportation and warehousing | 12.0 | 12.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 6.7 | 6.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.9 | 0.0 | -11.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 12.4 | 11.8 | 0.5 | -0.6 | 0.9 | -4.8 | 8.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 6.7 | 6.1 | 0.5 | -0.6 | 0.2 | -9.0 | 3.4 |
Educational services | 17.7 | 18.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 10.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 44.5 | 45.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 | -0.4 | 1.1 | -0.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 7.0 | 7.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 5.7 | 13.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 15.3 | 13.8 | 0.7 | -1.5 | -1.1 | -9.8 | -7.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 8.5 | 8.1 | 0.6 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -4.7 | -6.9 |
Public administration | 20.1 | 20.0 | 0.6 | -0.1 | -1.5 | -0.5 | -7.0 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 92.3 | 91.0 | 1.1 | -1.3 | 8.2 | -1.4 | 9.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 22.9 | 22.6 | 0.7 | -0.3 | 2.6 | -1.3 | 13.0 |
Agriculture | 5.5 | 4.6 | 0.3 | -0.9 | 1.4 | -16.4 | 43.8 |
Natural resources2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -5.0 | 5.6 |
Utilities | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 33.3 | 100.0 |
Construction | 7.9 | 8.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 11.0 |
Manufacturing | 7.2 | 7.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 6.9 | 4.1 |
Services-producing sector | 69.4 | 68.4 | 1.0 | -1.0 | 5.6 | -1.4 | 8.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 10.9 | 10.8 | 0.5 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -0.9 | 0.9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 1.3 | -3.4 | 86.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 1.1 | -2.6 | 40.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 4.5 | 4.3 | 0.3 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -4.4 | -4.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 | -1.2 | -29.4 | -50.0 |
Educational services | 6.9 | 6.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 13.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 14.3 | 14.8 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 17.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.3 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -3.4 | -3.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 6.6 | 6.2 | 0.5 | -0.4 | 1.9 | -6.1 | 44.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 4.2 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 10.5 |
Public administration | 10.6 | 10.6 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.7 | 0.0 | -6.2 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 503.0 | 502.3 | 3.0 | -0.7 | 10.3 | -0.1 | 2.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 89.8 | 89.8 | 1.9 | 0.0 | -5.1 | 0.0 | -5.4 |
Agriculture | 5.1 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 13.7 | 56.8 |
Natural resources2 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 0.9 | -0.7 | -2.2 | -7.9 | -21.2 |
Utilities | 3.0 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | -0.7 | 20.0 | -16.3 |
Construction | 37.5 | 38.0 | 1.3 | 0.5 | -3.8 | 1.3 | -9.1 |
Manufacturing | 35.3 | 34.2 | 1.1 | -1.1 | -0.6 | -3.1 | -1.7 |
Services-producing sector | 413.2 | 412.5 | 2.9 | -0.7 | 15.5 | -0.2 | 3.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 81.2 | 80.5 | 1.6 | -0.7 | 3.1 | -0.9 | 4.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 22.9 | 21.7 | 1.0 | -1.2 | 2.6 | -5.2 | 13.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 29.3 | 30.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 10.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 38.7 | 39.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 5.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 18.5 | 17.5 | 0.9 | -1.0 | -0.8 | -5.4 | -4.4 |
Educational services | 38.6 | 37.4 | 1.1 | -1.2 | 2.3 | -3.1 | 6.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 74.3 | 75.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | -5.3 | 1.6 | -6.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 23.6 | 21.2 | 1.0 | -2.4 | 2.4 | -10.2 | 12.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 30.1 | 31.8 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 11.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 21.4 | 21.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 12.4 |
Public administration | 34.6 | 34.7 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.5 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 388.8 | 391.2 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 14.9 | 0.6 | 4.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 79.0 | 77.0 | 1.6 | -2.0 | 2.4 | -2.5 | 3.2 |
Agriculture | 5.9 | 5.7 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -3.4 | 0.0 |
Natural resources2 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 0.7 | -0.4 | -1.8 | -6.0 | -22.2 |
Utilities | 5.4 | 5.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 31.7 |
Construction | 33.7 | 31.8 | 1.1 | -1.9 | 1.4 | -5.6 | 4.6 |
Manufacturing | 27.4 | 27.8 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 5.3 |
Services-producing sector | 309.8 | 314.2 | 2.2 | 4.4 | 12.5 | 1.4 | 4.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 55.5 | 55.8 | 1.2 | 0.3 | -3.3 | 0.5 | -5.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 20.3 | 21.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 26.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 19.7 | 19.7 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 22.6 | 23.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 6.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 13.4 | 13.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 18.1 |
Educational services | 30.5 | 31.0 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 63.0 | 62.7 | 1.1 | -0.3 | 2.4 | -0.5 | 4.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 13.7 | 13.6 | 0.8 | -0.1 | 4.9 | -0.7 | 56.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 21.7 | 22.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 8.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 14.8 | 14.9 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -2.2 | 0.7 | -12.9 |
Public administration | 34.5 | 35.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,521.1 | 4,519.6 | 16.2 | -1.5 | 60.2 | -0.0 | 1.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 927.5 | 924.4 | 9.9 | -3.1 | -19.7 | -0.3 | -2.1 |
Agriculture | 51.2 | 52.7 | 2.6 | 1.5 | -8.9 | 2.9 | -14.4 |
Natural resources2 | 34.5 | 31.3 | 2.3 | -3.2 | -12.3 | -9.3 | -28.2 |
Utilities | 30.3 | 29.9 | 1.3 | -0.4 | -2.5 | -1.3 | -7.7 |
Construction | 317.2 | 315.6 | 6.3 | -1.6 | 9.5 | -0.5 | 3.1 |
Manufacturing | 494.4 | 495.0 | 7.4 | 0.6 | -5.3 | 0.1 | -1.1 |
Services-producing sector | 3,593.6 | 3,595.2 | 15.9 | 1.6 | 79.8 | 0.0 | 2.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 676.4 | 667.8 | 9.2 | -8.6 | 7.9 | -1.3 | 1.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 209.7 | 215.7 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 9.7 | 2.9 | 4.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 269.7 | 266.6 | 4.9 | -3.1 | -15.5 | -1.1 | -5.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 375.1 | 376.6 | 6.8 | 1.5 | -6.5 | 0.4 | -1.7 |
Business, building and other support services | 172.0 | 168.9 | 6.0 | -3.1 | -7.1 | -1.8 | -4.0 |
Educational services | 348.5 | 354.4 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 23.7 | 1.7 | 7.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 605.3 | 610.7 | 7.1 | 5.4 | -3.5 | 0.9 | -0.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 218.4 | 222.4 | 6.1 | 4.0 | 32.8 | 1.8 | 17.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 242.3 | 243.9 | 6.5 | 1.6 | 12.9 | 0.7 | 5.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 182.3 | 179.6 | 4.6 | -2.7 | 17.9 | -1.5 | 11.1 |
Public administration | 293.9 | 288.5 | 4.6 | -5.4 | 7.4 | -1.8 | 2.6 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,945.9 | 7,952.4 | 20.0 | 6.5 | 201.9 | 0.1 | 2.6 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,585.5 | 1,592.8 | 12.3 | 7.3 | 34.2 | 0.5 | 2.2 |
Agriculture | 82.9 | 80.3 | 3.3 | -2.6 | 5.6 | -3.1 | 7.5 |
Natural resources2 | 37.6 | 39.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Utilities | 60.7 | 61.0 | 2.4 | 0.3 | -0.4 | 0.5 | -0.7 |
Construction | 595.4 | 597.0 | 8.3 | 1.6 | 8.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
Manufacturing | 808.8 | 814.9 | 9.1 | 6.1 | 18.8 | 0.8 | 2.4 |
Services-producing sector | 6,360.4 | 6,359.5 | 20.2 | -0.9 | 167.7 | -0.0 | 2.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,103.8 | 1,095.6 | 10.9 | -8.2 | -6.9 | -0.7 | -0.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 411.9 | 416.0 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 43.4 | 1.0 | 11.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 666.6 | 658.4 | 8.0 | -8.2 | -35.7 | -1.2 | -5.1 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 843.7 | 852.5 | 9.2 | 8.8 | 45.4 | 1.0 | 5.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 271.4 | 282.1 | 7.1 | 10.7 | -2.4 | 3.9 | -0.8 |
Educational services | 578.1 | 577.3 | 7.7 | -0.8 | 14.2 | -0.1 | 2.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 991.9 | 979.6 | 8.2 | -12.3 | 31.4 | -1.2 | 3.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 330.8 | 328.2 | 7.7 | -2.6 | 28.9 | -0.8 | 9.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 429.0 | 433.4 | 8.6 | 4.4 | 21.9 | 1.0 | 5.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 280.4 | 287.6 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 32.2 | 2.6 | 12.6 |
Public administration | 452.8 | 448.7 | 5.5 | -4.1 | -4.9 | -0.9 | -1.1 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 701.3 | 702.5 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 20.3 | 0.2 | 3.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 154.5 | 156.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 6.0 | 1.1 | 4.0 |
Agriculture | 13.8 | 13.4 | 0.8 | -0.4 | -4.1 | -2.9 | -23.4 |
Natural resources2 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.6 | -3.1 | 10.5 |
Utilities | 6.5 | 6.2 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 1.0 | -4.6 | 19.2 |
Construction | 55.8 | 55.7 | 1.3 | -0.1 | 2.0 | -0.2 | 3.7 |
Manufacturing | 71.9 | 74.6 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 6.6 | 3.8 | 9.7 |
Services-producing sector | 546.9 | 546.3 | 3.1 | -0.6 | 14.3 | -0.1 | 2.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 100.7 | 101.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 11.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 44.1 | 44.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 6.0 | 1.1 | 15.5 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 42.4 | 38.4 | 0.9 | -4.0 | -3.8 | -9.4 | -9.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 36.9 | 36.7 | 1.1 | -0.2 | -1.1 | -0.5 | -2.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 19.3 | 18.7 | 1.1 | -0.6 | -3.8 | -3.1 | -16.9 |
Educational services | 64.9 | 65.0 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 3.7 |
Health care and social assistance | 109.0 | 113.3 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 9.2 | 3.9 | 8.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 22.6 | 22.0 | 1.1 | -0.6 | -3.4 | -2.7 | -13.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 36.1 | 35.3 | 1.3 | -0.8 | -0.8 | -2.2 | -2.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 26.3 | 26.1 | 1.0 | -0.2 | -1.4 | -0.8 | -5.1 |
Public administration | 44.7 | 45.0 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.8 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 601.7 | 603.2 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 19.5 | 0.2 | 3.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 129.7 | 132.2 | 2.0 | 2.5 | -1.5 | 1.9 | -1.1 |
Agriculture | 23.7 | 24.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | -3.6 | 2.1 | -12.9 |
Natural resources2 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 0.8 | 0.0 | -1.7 | 0.0 | -7.8 |
Utilities | 7.5 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 4.0 | 11.4 |
Construction | 43.3 | 45.1 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 2.0 |
Manufacturing | 35.1 | 35.0 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 2.1 | -0.3 | 6.4 |
Services-producing sector | 472.0 | 471.0 | 2.9 | -1.0 | 21.0 | -0.2 | 4.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 101.5 | 100.0 | 1.7 | -1.5 | 3.1 | -1.5 | 3.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 28.9 | 28.8 | 1.0 | -0.1 | 2.2 | -0.3 | 8.3 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 27.7 | 27.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | -2.5 | 0.7 | -8.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 36.6 | 37.3 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 8.2 | 1.9 | 28.2 |
Business, building and other support services | 15.5 | 15.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 0.0 | 32.5 |
Educational services | 55.8 | 54.5 | 1.2 | -1.3 | 5.4 | -2.3 | 11.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 89.0 | 87.7 | 1.5 | -1.3 | -4.9 | -1.5 | -5.3 |
Information, culture and recreation | 23.3 | 23.6 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 17.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 29.7 | 30.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 0.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 26.7 | 26.5 | 1.1 | -0.2 | -1.4 | -0.7 | -5.0 |
Public administration | 37.3 | 38.3 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 9.1 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,487.0 | 2,495.9 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 98.8 | 0.4 | 4.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 595.6 | 613.6 | 7.7 | 18.0 | 53.0 | 3.0 | 9.5 |
Agriculture | 43.8 | 42.8 | 2.7 | -1.0 | -1.5 | -2.3 | -3.4 |
Natural resources2 | 144.6 | 147.3 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 16.7 | 1.9 | 12.8 |
Utilities | 19.5 | 21.3 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 9.2 | 2.9 |
Construction | 236.2 | 251.9 | 5.4 | 15.7 | 21.0 | 6.6 | 9.1 |
Manufacturing | 151.5 | 150.3 | 3.8 | -1.2 | 16.2 | -0.8 | 12.1 |
Services-producing sector | 1,891.4 | 1,882.2 | 11.3 | -9.2 | 45.8 | -0.5 | 2.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 373.2 | 366.1 | 6.3 | -7.1 | 2.6 | -1.9 | 0.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 151.7 | 149.6 | 4.2 | -2.1 | 16.0 | -1.4 | 12.0 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 131.1 | 127.9 | 3.3 | -3.2 | 2.3 | -2.4 | 1.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 230.9 | 231.8 | 4.9 | 0.9 | -5.8 | 0.4 | -2.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 80.2 | 79.8 | 3.5 | -0.4 | 7.6 | -0.5 | 10.5 |
Educational services | 162.1 | 159.1 | 4.4 | -3.0 | -5.8 | -1.9 | -3.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 327.5 | 330.3 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 17.4 | 0.9 | 5.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 82.8 | 85.6 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 3.4 | 9.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 140.2 | 135.8 | 4.3 | -4.4 | 5.7 | -3.1 | 4.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 99.8 | 98.2 | 3.6 | -1.6 | -7.6 | -1.6 | -7.2 |
Public administration | 112.2 | 118.1 | 3.0 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.4 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,810.3 | 2,819.3 | 10.6 | 9.0 | 64.2 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 491.7 | 505.3 | 6.5 | 13.6 | -1.3 | 2.8 | -0.3 |
Agriculture | 26.1 | 25.2 | 2.0 | -0.9 | 3.7 | -3.4 | 17.2 |
Natural resources2 | 53.6 | 49.9 | 2.2 | -3.7 | 0.7 | -6.9 | 1.4 |
Utilities | 16.1 | 15.7 | 1.3 | -0.4 | 0.8 | -2.5 | 5.4 |
Construction | 233.1 | 232.8 | 4.7 | -0.3 | -11.5 | -0.1 | -4.7 |
Manufacturing | 162.9 | 181.7 | 3.8 | 18.8 | 4.9 | 11.5 | 2.8 |
Services-producing sector | 2,318.6 | 2,314.0 | 10.8 | -4.6 | 65.5 | -0.2 | 2.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 435.4 | 434.3 | 6.0 | -1.1 | 11.4 | -0.3 | 2.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 147.9 | 147.7 | 3.6 | -0.2 | 8.0 | -0.1 | 5.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 176.1 | 174.7 | 3.2 | -1.4 | 15.1 | -0.8 | 9.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 297.7 | 285.1 | 4.9 | -12.6 | 7.3 | -4.2 | 2.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 86.9 | 88.2 | 3.6 | 1.3 | -7.4 | 1.5 | -7.7 |
Educational services | 219.9 | 217.5 | 4.1 | -2.4 | 9.0 | -1.1 | 4.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 374.8 | 386.5 | 4.6 | 11.7 | 20.5 | 3.1 | 5.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 127.5 | 131.0 | 4.5 | 3.5 | -17.0 | 2.7 | -11.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 189.3 | 185.3 | 4.5 | -4.0 | -3.0 | -2.1 | -1.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 118.6 | 117.2 | 3.2 | -1.4 | 15.1 | -1.2 | 14.8 |
Public administration | 144.5 | 146.6 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 6.6 | 1.5 | 4.7 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: