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Labour Force Survey, September 2022

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Released: 2022-10-07

Employment was little changed in September. The unemployment rate fell 0.2 percentage points to 5.2% as fewer people searched for work.

Employment declined for a second consecutive month among young women aged 15 to 24, but increased among male youth and core-aged women (25 to 54 years) in September.

Gains in educational services and health care and social assistance were offset by losses in manufacturing; information, culture and recreation; transportation and warehousing and public administration.

The number of employees in the public sector rose in September, partially offsetting declines recorded in July and August. Employment was little changed among employees in the private sector and among self-employed workers.

Employment increased in four provinces, led by British Columbia, while there were fewer people working in Ontario and Prince Edward Island.

Year-over-year wage growth remained above 5% for a fourth consecutive month, with the average hourly wages of employees rising 5.2% (+$1.57 to $31.67) compared with September 2021 (not seasonally adjusted).

Total hours worked were down 0.6% in September 2022. Despite declining by 1.1% since June, total hours worked were up 2.4% on a year-over-year basis.

In September, there were just under one million (983,000; 57.5%) people aged 55 to 64 who cited retirement as their main activity.

While the employment rate among core-aged mothers was at a record high in September, those with a child under 16 were twice as likely (14.9%) to have decided not to apply for a job or a promotion over the previous 12 months than their male counterparts (7.1%).

Highlights

Employment little changed in September

After dropping in August, employment was little changed (+21,000) in September, with both full-time and part-time work holding steady.

Employment declined for a second consecutive month among young women aged 15 to 24, but increased among male youth and core-aged women in September.

Gains in educational services and health care and social assistance were offset by losses in manufacturing; information, culture and recreation; transportation and warehousing; and public administration.

The number of employees in the public sector rose in September, partially offsetting declines recorded in July and August. Employment was little changed among employees in the private sector and among self-employed workers.

Employment increased in four provinces, led by British Columbia, while there were fewer people working in Ontario and Prince Edward Island.

Year-over-year wage growth remained above 5% for a fourth consecutive month, with the average hourly wages of employees rising 5.2% (+$1.57 to $31.67) compared with September 2021 (not seasonally adjusted).

Total hours worked were down 0.6% in September. Despite declining by 1.1% since June, total hours worked were up 2.4% on a year-over-year basis.

After increasing in August, unemployment rate declines in September

After increasing 0.5 percentage points to 5.4% in August, the unemployment rate dropped to 5.2% in September.

The adjusted unemployment rate—which includes people who wanted a job but did not look for one—was little changed.

In the Spotlight

In September, there were just under one million (983,000; 57.5%) people aged 55 to 64 who cited retirement as their main activity.

While the employment rate among core-aged mothers was at a record high in September, those with a child under 16 were twice as likely (14.9%) to have decided not to apply for a job or a promotion over the previous 12 months than their male counterparts (7.1%).

Employment little changed in September

After dropping in August, employment was little changed (+21,000) in September, with both full-time and part-time work holding steady. Compared with May 2022—when employment last increased—there were 92,000 (-0.5%) fewer people working in September.

Chart 1  Chart 1: Little change in employment in September
Little change in employment in September

Among core-aged population, employment rises for women, holds steady for men

Employment among women aged 25 to 54 grew by 47,000 (+0.8%) in September, the first increase since May 2022, with all the gains being in full-time work. Compared with 12 months earlier, employment among core-aged women was up by 174,000 (+2.9%) in September. Year-over-year employment increases were spread across several industries, including manufacturing (+32,000); professional, scientific and technical services (+25,000); and transportation and warehousing (+24,000) (not seasonally adjusted).

Employment among core-aged men was unchanged for a fifth consecutive month in September, but was up by 188,000 (+2.9%) on a year-over-year basis.

The employment rate for core-aged workers as a whole held steady at 84.2% in September.

Across racialized groups, the employment rate was among the lowest for West Asian Canadians (74.9%) and among the highest for Filipino Canadians (87.9%). Among Indigenous populations, the employment rate was 71.2% for First Nations people living off-reserve and 81.8% for Métis in September (three-month moving averages, not seasonally adjusted).

Employment decreases among young women, little changed for older workers

Employment among youth aged 15 to 24 fell by 26,000 (-1.0%) in September. The decrease was driven by young women (-40,000; -3.1%), who saw employment declines for a second consecutive month.

After remaining virtually unchanged since February 2022, employment rose by 14,000 (+1.1%) for young men in September, driven primarily by those aged 20 to 24.

Among Canadians aged 55 and older, both total employment and the employment rate were little changed for a third consecutive month.

Employment rebounds in the public sector, boosted by educational services

After declining for two consecutive months, the number of employees in the public sector increased by 35,000 (+0.8%) in September. Most of the gain was attributable to the educational services industry, which accounts for close to one-third (30.4%) of employees in the public sector (not seasonally adjusted).

The number of private sector employees was little changed in September. Despite seeing little growth since June, the number of private sector employees was up 316,000 on a year-over-year basis, and accounted for close to three-quarters (72.8%) of the net increase in the number of employees (+434,000) over the past 12 months.

Self-employment was little changed in September on both a monthly and year-over-year basis. The number of self-employed workers has yet to return to its pre-COVID-19 pandemic level and was down by 244,000 (-8.5%) compared with February 2020.

Since September 2019, self-employment has declined notably in construction (-52,000; -12.0%) and "other services" (-59,000; -23.5%), which includes personal and repair services, as well as civic and religious organizations (not seasonally adjusted).

Average hourly wages increase 5.2% on a year-over-year basis

Year-over-year growth in the average hourly wages of employees surpassed 5% for a fourth consecutive month in September (+5.2%; +$1.57 to $31.67) (not seasonally adjusted). In comparison, year-over-year growth in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) was at, or above, 7.0% from May to August.

Average hourly wages were up in nearly all industries on a year-over-year basis in September, including in accommodation and food services (+8.7%; +$1.51 to $18.89). In this industry, average wages of employees were up 13.2% in Ontario (+$2.27 to $19.51) and 8.1% in Quebec (+$1.41 to $18.81), two provinces where the minimum wage for employees who receive tips was increased in 2022. Average wages in the industry were little changed in Nova Scotia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta on a year-over-year basis (not seasonally adjusted).

Gains in average hourly wages are the result of multiple factors, including wage growth and changes in the composition of employment by industry and occupation. In September, wage gains were boosted by year-over year growth in the number of employees in relatively high-paying industries, including construction (+109,000; +10.0%) and professional, scientific and technical services (+56,000; +4.4%). Average wages were up 7.5% (+$2.36 to $33.79) in construction and 9.1% in professional, scientific and technical services (+$3.42 to $40.98) in September, with gains in the latter industry exceeding 7% in six provinces (not seasonally adjusted).

Chart 2  Chart 2: Notable wage gain in professional, scientific and technical services in the last 12 months
Notable wage gain in professional, scientific and technical services in the last 12 months

Fewer people worked from home in September

The proportion of workers who report that they usually work exclusively at home fell slightly from 16.8% in August to 16.3% in September. The share of workers with hybrid arrangements—that is, who usually work both at home and in a location other than home—was unchanged in September, at 8.6% (population aged 15 to 69, not seasonally adjusted).

While there was little change in the indicators of usual work location, two measures of where people worked during the Labour Force Survey (LFS) reference week—regardless of their usual arrangement—suggest that workers and employers may be continuing to adapt and adjust where work is done. First, the proportion of employed Canadians who worked exclusively at home during the LFS reference week was lower in September (13.8%) than in August (15.3%). Second, the proportion of workers who worked a mix of hours at home and elsewhere increased 0.9 percentage points to 20.5% over that same period (population aged 15 to 69, not seasonally adjusted).

After increasing in August, unemployment rate declines in September

The number of unemployed Canadians fell 41,000 (-3.7%) in September. After increasing 0.5 percentage points to 5.4% in August, the unemployment rate dropped to 5.2%. The adjusted unemployment rate—which includes people who wanted a job but did not look for one—was little changed.

Chart 3  Chart 3: Unemployment rate falls in September
Unemployment rate falls in September

Unemployment rate down among core-aged and older women

For women, the unemployment rate fell for those aged 55 and older (-0.5 percentage points to 4.7%) and those aged 25 to 54 (-0.2 percentage points to 4.3%) in September. The unemployment rate among female youth (8.8%) aged 15 to 24 was little changed for a second consecutive month.

The unemployment rate was little changed among men in each of the major age groups in September. Among both male youth (10.8%) and core-aged men (4.5%), the rate held steady after increasing in August. Among men aged 55 and older, the rate (4.6%) was little changed for a fourth consecutive month.

In September, the unemployment rate was relatively low among Japanese Canadians (4.2%) and relatively high among West Asian Canadians 9.8%) (three month moving averages, not seasonally adjusted). 

Fewer Canadians in unemployment for 27 weeks or more

Long-term unemployment—the number of people who had been continuously unemployed for 27 weeks or more—declined by 18,000 (-9.7%) in September, offsetting the increase in August (+22,000; +13.7%). Long-term unemployment first returned to its February 2020 level in June 2022 and has hovered around a similar level in recent months. Long-term unemployment expressed as a proportion of the total labour force was 0.8% in September, slightly lower than what it was before the pandemic in February 2020 (0.9%).

Labour force shrinks over the summer of 2022 

The supply of labour has been a particularly important aspect of the labour market over the past year, in the context of record-high job vacancies earlier in 2022, as well as the longer-term issue of population aging. While elevated job vacancies continued until at least July, both the total size of the labour force—or the number of people who are either employed or unemployed—as well as the participation rate have trended downwards since May. Specifically, the total labour force was down by 79,000 (-0.4%) compared with May, although it was little changed on a monthly basis in September. The labour force participation rate edged down by 0.1 percentage points from August to 64.7% in September, and was 0.6 percentage points lower than in May.

Among young women aged 15 to 24, the participation rate declined 2.1 percentage points to 63.1% in September, falling below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level for the first time since June 2021. The participation rate among male youth (63.8%) was little changed for a second consecutive month in September and remained on par with its pre-pandemic level.

Among women aged 25 to 54, the participation rate was up 0.4 percentage points in September to 84.8%, on par with the record high of 85.0% seen in May 2022. Among core-aged men, the participation rate fell 0.3 percentage points to 91.4% in September, continuing a downward trend from its recent peak of 92.3% recorded in March 2022.

The participation of those aged 55 and older was 36.1% in September, little changed from August. Specifically, among those aged 55 to 64, the participation rate was up 0.4 percentage points in September to 66.4%. Despite this monthly increase, the participation rates of both men and women aged 55 to 64 trended down from the fall of 2021 to June 2022 and remained below their respective February 2020 levels in September 2022.

Employment gains in educational services and health care and social assistance offset by drop in manufacturing

The number of people working in educational services rose by 46,000 (+3.2%) in September, largely offsetting the decline of 50,000 (-3.3%) recorded in August. Increases in this industry were observed in six provinces, led by Ontario (+17,000; +3.1%) and British Columbia (+12,000; +6.3%). On a year-over-year basis, employment in the industry was little changed.

There was also a rise in the number of people working in health care and social assistance (+24,000; +0.9%) in September, the first increase in seven months. According to the latest results from the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, there were 143,000 vacant positions in health care and social assistance in July 2022, little changed from the record high observed in March 2022 (148,000). While employment in the industry was up by 48,000 (+1.9%) on a year-over-year basis in September, total hours worked were little changed compared with September 2021. At the same time, the proportion of workers in the industry who were absent due to illness or disability for at least part of the week was up by 1.1 percentage points on a year-over-year basis, to 8.2% (not seasonally adjusted).

The number of people working in manufacturing decreased by 28,000 (-1.6%) in September, bringing employment in the industry back down to the level last recorded in May 2022. The majority of the decline occurred in Ontario (-19,000; -2.4%), followed by British Columbia (-5,900; -3.4%). According to the latest data from the Monthly Survey of Manufacturing, manufacturing sales decreased for a third consecutive month in July.

Employment in information, culture and recreation also posted a decrease in September (-22,000; -2.6%). While the number of people working in the industry had hovered above pre-COVID-19 February 2020 levels since February 2022, the September decline brought employment in the industry back down to its pre-pandemic level.

Employment declines were also recorded in transportation and warehousing (-18,000; -1.8%) and public administration (-12,000; -1.0%) in September.

Chart 4  Chart 4: Year-over-year employment growth in seven industries
Year-over-year employment growth in seven industries

Employment up in four provinces in September

Employment increased in British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in September. In contrast, fewer people worked in Ontario and Prince Edward Island. On a year-over-year basis, employment was up in all provinces. For further information on key province and industry level labour market indicators, see "Labour Force Survey in brief: Interactive app."

Chart 5  Chart 5: Employment up year over year in all provinces
Employment up year over year in all provinces

Employment in British Columbia increased by 33,000 (+1.2%) in September, offsetting a decrease of 28,000 in August. The unemployment rate declined to 4.3% (-0.5 percentage points). Employment gains in September were led by the educational services, and the professional, scientific, and technical services industries. In the Vancouver census metropolitan area (CMA), employment increased by 28,000 (+1.8%) and the unemployment rate was 3.9%.

In Manitoba, employment increased by 6,900 (+1.0%) in September, partly offsetting a decline of 10,000 in August. The unemployment rate fell 0.8 percentage points to 4.5%. The Winnipeg CMA saw little change in employment, while the unemployment rate rose 0.3 percentage points to 4.6% (three-month moving average).

Following a decline in July and little change in August, employment decreased by 32,000 (-0.4%) in Ontario in September. With fewer people participating in the labour force, the unemployment rate was little changed at 5.8%. Industries with employment losses included manufacturing; professional, scientific and technical services; and wholesale and retail trade. In contrast, more Ontarians were employed in educational and in business, building and other support services.

In the Toronto CMA, employment decreased by 66,000 (-1.9%) in September and the unemployment rate rose 0.4 percentage points to 6.3%. On a three-month moving average basis, the unemployment rate ranged from a high of 8.6% in the CMA of Windsor to a low of 3.9% in the Guelph CMA.

Following an increase in August, employment held steady in Quebec in September and the unemployment rate (4.4%) was little changed.

In Atlantic Canada, employment increased in Nova Scotia (+4,300; +0.9%) and New Brunswick (+2,900; +0.8%) in September, while it fell in Prince Edward Island (-3,800; -4.4%). Post-tropical storm Fiona struck the Atlantic provinces and the Eastern Quebec region of Gaspésie-Magdalen Islands on September 23, after the LFS reference week.

Quarterly update for the territories

Following gains in the first quarter of 2022 and little change in the second quarter, employment in the Northwest Territories fell by 600 (-2.4%) in the third quarter. At 4.3%, the unemployment rate was little changed in the three months ending in September.

Employment in Yukon held steady in the third quarter after an increase in the second quarter, and the unemployment rate remained at 2.5%.

Employment in Nunavut held steady in the third quarter and the employment rate was 55.4%. The unemployment rate was 12.0% in the three months ending in September, little changed from the second quarter (three-month average ending in June).

In the Spotlight: Retirement before age 65, and parents in the labour force

Nearly one million people aged 55 to 64 cite retirement as main activity

Over the past 20 years, total labour force participation—that is, the proportion of the population aged 15 and older that is either employed or unemployed—has fallen slowly but steadily from 67.1% in September 2002 to 64.7% in September 2022. This decline has been due in large part to population aging, as ongoing retirements among the baby boom cohort puts downward pressure on labour supply in Canada. Since September 2019, for example, the number of Canadians aged 65 and older has increased 11.6% (+736,000), compared with working-age population growth of 3.5%.

To shed additional light on factors influencing labour force participation, in March 2020 the LFS began collecting information on the main activity of those who are neither employed nor unemployed, and who indicate that they do not currently want a job. In the coming months and years, this new information will be an important complement to trends in labour force participation among various population groups, including those approaching retirement age.

As of September, there were 5.2 million Canadians aged 55 to 64, and two-thirds (66.8%) were either employed or unemployed. Of the remaining 1.7 million who were not participating in the labour market, just under one million (983,000; 57.5%) cited retirement as their main activity. Illustrating the contribution of aging and retirements to current labour supply, 146,000 of these retirees had worked within the last year, including 24,000 whose last job was in educational services and 22,000 who had recently left a job in health care and social assistance (not seasonally adjusted).

In addition to those who report retirement as their main activity, about one-fifth (19.6%; 335,000) of 55-to-64-year-olds reported in September that they were not in the labour market due to illness or disability, while just over one in ten (11.4%; 195,300) indicated they were doing household work. The remaining 196,000 (11.5%) cited some other main activity, including caring for family, travelling, volunteering, or "other" activities (not seasonally adjusted).

Chart 6  Chart 6: Majority of men and women aged 55 to 64 not in the labour force cite retirement as main activity
Majority of men and women aged 55 to 64 not in the labour force cite retirement as main activity

Childcare responsibilities have had more influence on the career decisions of women than men over the past year

For many parents, the COVID-19 pandemic brought notable disruptions to the balance between work and family life. Mothers and fathers across Canada had to contend with the temporary closure of schools and daycares, while those working from home also needed to adapt by finding new ways of managing childcare responsibilities with work calls and virtual meetings. Yet, with the easing of public health restrictions in the summer of 2021, the employment rate of both mothers and fathers aged 25 to 54 surpassed pre-COVID-19 levels in the fall of 2021.

In September 2022, with most COVID-19-related public health measures lifted and as parents and children started to settle back into the school routine, the employment rate of core-age mothers with at least one child under 18 was 79.9%, its highest level for the month of September since 1976, and up 2.1 percentage points compared with September 2019. The employment rate of fathers in the same age group was 93.5%, the highest level for the month of September since 1981 (not seasonally adjusted).

Partly reflecting long-standing differences across population groups, the employment rate among core-aged mothers ranged from 54.4% among Korean women to 81.5% among Filipino women (three-month moving averages, not seasonally adjusted).

Despite their record-high employment rate, women were more likely than men to have taken career or job-related decisions that prioritized childcare responsibilities. In September 2022, according to new data from the LFS focusing on parents with children under 16, core-aged mothers with a child under 16 were twice as likely (14.9%) to have decided not to apply for a job or a promotion over the previous 12 months than their male counterparts (7.1%). In addition, 7.6% of mothers turned down a job offer over the previous year due to childcare responsibilities, compared with 4.0% of fathers (not seasonally adjusted).

Mothers also continue to take on more tasks related to schooling than their male counterparts. In September, nearly half (48.5%) of core-aged mothers with children under 16 indicated that they helped their children with homework and homeschooling most of the time or all of the time, compared with one-quarter (24.3%) of their male counterparts (not seasonally adjusted).

For more information on historical employment trends among mothers and fathers, see "Employment rate of mothers and fathers, 1976 to 2021," part of the Quality of Employment in Canada publication.













Sustainable Development Goals

On January 1, 2016, the world officially began implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development—the United Nations' transformative plan of action that addresses urgent global challenges over the next 15 years. The plan is based on 17 specific sustainable development goals.

The Labour Force Survey is an example of how Statistics Canada supports the reporting on the Global Goals for Sustainable Development. This release will be used in helping to measure the following goals:

  Note to readers

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) estimates for September are for the week of September 11 to 17, 2022.

The LFS estimates are based on a sample and are therefore subject to sampling variability. As a result, monthly estimates will show more variability than trends observed over longer time periods. For more information, see "Interpreting Monthly Changes in Employment from the Labour Force Survey."

This analysis focuses on differences between estimates that are statistically significant at the 68% confidence level.

LFS estimates at the Canada level do not include the territories.

The LFS estimates are the first in a series of labour market indicators released by Statistics Canada, which includes indicators from programs such as the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH); Employment Insurance Statistics; and the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey. For more information on the conceptual differences between employment measures from the LFS and those from the SEPH, refer to section 8 of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G).

Since March 2020, all LFS face-to-face interviews have been replaced by telephone interviews conducted by interviewers working from their home to protect the health of both respondents and interviewers. While this has resulted in a decline in the LFS response rate, more than 49,000 interviews were completed in September and in-depth data quality evaluations conducted each month confirm that the LFS continues to produce an accurate portrait of Canada's labour market.

Data collection was suspended in many areas of Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Eastern Quebec during the last 4 days of the 10-day collection period as a result of post-tropical storm Fiona. Statistics Canada would like to thank the respondents of these areas who completed the survey in the early days of the collection period.

The employment rate is the number of employed people as a percentage of the population aged 15 and older. The rate for a particular group (for example, youths aged 15 to 24) is the number employed in that group as a percentage of the population for that group.

The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed people as a percentage of the labour force (employed and unemployed).

The participation rate is the number of employed and unemployed people as a percentage of the population aged 15 and older.

Full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.

Part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.

Total hours worked refers to the number of hours actually worked at the main job by the respondent during the reference week, including paid and unpaid hours. These hours reflect temporary decreases or increases in work hours (for example, hours lost due to illness, vacation, holidays or weather; or more hours worked due to overtime).

In general, month-to-month or year-to-year changes in the number of people employed in an age group reflect the net effect of two factors: (1) the number of people who changed employment status between reference periods, and (2) the number of employed people who entered or left the age group (including through aging, death or migration) between reference periods.

Supplementary indicators used in the September 2022 analysis

Employed, worked zero hours includes employees and self-employed who were absent from work all week, but excludes people who have been away for reasons such as 'vacation,' 'maternity,' 'seasonal business,' and 'labour dispute.'

Employed, worked less than half of their usual hours includes both employees and self-employed, where only employees were asked to provide a reason for the absence. This excludes reasons for absence such as 'vacation,' 'labour dispute,' 'maternity,' 'holiday,' and 'weather.' Also excludes those who were away all week.

Not in labour force but wanted work includes persons who were neither employed, nor unemployed during the reference period and wanted work, but did not search for reasons such as 'waiting for recall (to former job),' 'waiting for replies from employers,' 'believes no work available (in area, or suited to skills),' 'long-term future start,' and 'other.'

Unemployed, job searchers were without work, but had looked for work in the past four weeks ending with the reference period and were available for work.

Unemployed, temporary layoff or future starts were on temporary layoff due to business conditions, with an expectation of recall, and were available for work; or were without work, but had a job to start within four weeks from the reference period and were available for work (don't need to have looked for work during the four weeks ending with the reference week).

Labour underutilization rate (specific definition to measure the COVID-19 impact) combines all those who were unemployed with those who were not in the labour force but wanted a job and did not look for one; as well as those who remained employed but lost all or the majority of their usual work hours for reasons likely related to COVID-19 as a proportion of the potential labour force.

Potential labour force (specific definition to measure the impact of COVID-19) includes people in the labour force (all employed and unemployed people), and people not in the labour force who wanted a job but didn't search for reasons such as 'waiting for recall (to former job),' 'waiting for replies from employers,' 'believes no work available (in area, or suited to skills),' 'long-term future start,' and 'other.'

Information released monthly starting in September

Five new questions were added to the LFS in March 2020 and have been collected monthly since then. The topics of the questions are: number of jobs held by multiple job holders, earnings of self-employed, employment benefits, main activity of people not in the labour force, and workers working by necessity or choice among people aged 60 and older. Results for these five questions are now available monthly starting in March 2020.

Seasonal adjustment

Unless otherwise stated, this release presents seasonally adjusted estimates, which facilitate comparisons by removing the effects of seasonal variations. For more information on seasonal adjustment, see Seasonally adjusted data – Frequently asked questions.

The seasonally adjusted data for retail trade and wholesale trade industries presented here are not published in other public LFS tables. A seasonally adjusted series is published for the combined industry classification (wholesale and retail trade).

Next release

The next release of the LFS will be on November 4, 2022. October data will reflect labour market conditions during the week of October 9 to 15, 2022.

Correction

In November 2022, an error was identified with the data for the following racialized groups: Arab and Latin American. Estimates for these groups will not be available while the data is being revised.

Products

More information about the concepts and use of the Labour Force Survey is available online in the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G).

The product "Labour Force Survey in brief: Interactive app" (Catalogue number14200001) is also available. This interactive visualization application provides seasonally adjusted estimates by province, sex, age group and industry.

The product "Labour Market Indicators, by province and census metropolitan area, seasonally adjusted" (Catalogue number71-607-X) is also available. This interactive dashboard provides customizable access to key labour market indicators.

The product "Labour Market Indicators, by province, territory and economic region, unadjusted for seasonality" (Catalogue number71-607-X) is also available. This dynamic web application provides access to labour market indicators for Canada, province, territory and economic region.

The product Labour Force Survey: Public Use Microdata File (Catalogue number71M0001X) is also available. This public use microdata file contains non-aggregated data for a wide variety of variables collected from the Labour Force Survey. The data have been modified to ensure that no individual or business is directly or indirectly identified. This product is for users who prefer to do their own analysis by focusing on specific subgroups in the population or by cross-classifying variables that are not in our catalogued products.

Contact information

For more information, or to enquire about the concepts, methods or data quality of this release, contact us (toll-free 1-800-263-1136; 514-283-8300; infostats@statcan.gc.ca) or Media Relations (statcan.mediahotline-ligneinfomedias.statcan@statcan.gc.ca).

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