Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
October 2021 |
November 2021 |
Standard error1 | October to November 2021 | November 2020 to November 2021 | October to November 2021 | November 2020 to November 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 219.8 | 228.9 | 2.6 | 9.1 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 1.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 44.3 | 47.4 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 7.0 | 5.1 |
Agriculture | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | -0.2 | -0.4 | -28.6 | -44.4 |
Natural resources2 | 14.5 | 15.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 5.5 | 16.8 |
Utilities | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -1.5 | -13.3 | -53.6 |
Construction | 16.9 | 16.9 | 1.1 | 0.0 | -1.1 | 0.0 | -6.1 |
Manufacturing | 10.7 | 13.3 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 24.3 | 27.9 |
Services-producing sector | 175.5 | 181.5 | 2.3 | 6.0 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 0.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 37.6 | 38.3 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 7.0 |
Transportation and warehousing | 9.4 | 9.1 | 0.7 | -0.3 | -1.2 | -3.2 | -11.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 5.8 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -1.9 | 0.0 | -24.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 11.3 | 10.8 | 0.6 | -0.5 | 0.5 | -4.4 | 4.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 6.4 | 6.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 6.3 | 17.2 |
Educational services | 18.7 | 18.3 | 0.7 | -0.4 | 1.4 | -2.1 | 8.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 41.2 | 43.9 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 6.6 | 2.8 |
Information, culture and recreation | 7.1 | 7.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 8.5 | 5.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 11.2 | 12.7 | 0.9 | 1.5 | -3.8 | 13.4 | -23.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 7.2 | 8.2 | 0.7 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 13.9 | -7.9 |
Public administration | 19.6 | 19.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 4.2 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 80.0 | 82.9 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 6.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 19.8 | 21.9 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 10.6 | 13.5 |
Agriculture | 4.0 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 7.5 | 26.5 |
Natural resources2 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 15.8 | 0.0 |
Utilities | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.2 | -20.0 | 100.0 |
Construction | 5.9 | 6.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 3.4 | -6.2 |
Manufacturing | 7.5 | 8.8 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 17.3 | 23.9 |
Services-producing sector | 60.2 | 61.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 3.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 11.4 | 11.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 8.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 2.4 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 4.2 | -3.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 2.6 | 2.5 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.6 | -3.8 | -19.4 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 4.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 0.0 | -19.2 |
Educational services | 5.7 | 6.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 7.0 | 5.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 11.5 | 12.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 5.2 | 6.1 |
Information, culture and recreation | 2.3 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 21.7 | 27.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 5.1 | 4.7 | 0.3 | -0.4 | -0.8 | -7.8 | -14.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.4 | 3.2 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.7 | -5.9 | 28.0 |
Public administration | 9.1 | 8.9 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.7 | -2.2 | 8.5 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 466.7 | 470.4 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 0.8 | 1.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 87.4 | 88.3 | 2.0 | 0.9 | -0.4 | 1.0 | -0.5 |
Agriculture | 6.3 | 6.1 | 0.8 | -0.2 | -2.0 | -3.2 | -24.7 |
Natural resources2 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 1.0 | -1.8 | 0.2 | -17.8 | 2.5 |
Utilities | 5.3 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 20.5 |
Construction | 33.3 | 35.8 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 7.5 | 0.3 |
Manufacturing | 32.5 | 32.8 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 |
Services-producing sector | 379.3 | 382.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 8.2 | 0.8 | 2.2 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 76.1 | 76.5 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 4.8 | 0.5 | 6.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 26.7 | 25.7 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 5.7 | -3.7 | 28.5 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 22.5 | 22.3 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -1.1 | -0.9 | -4.7 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 35.1 | 36.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 11.7 |
Business, building and other support services | 18.8 | 18.8 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 6.8 |
Educational services | 37.2 | 38.1 | 1.3 | 0.9 | -2.6 | 2.4 | -6.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 73.8 | 75.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 13.2 | 14.4 | 1.0 | 1.2 | -0.9 | 9.1 | -5.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 30.2 | 28.2 | 1.4 | -2.0 | -4.3 | -6.6 | -13.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 16.0 | 16.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | -0.2 | 2.5 | -1.2 |
Public administration | 29.7 | 30.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 1.3 | -1.0 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 364.7 | 365.7 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
Goods-producing sector | 73.8 | 76.6 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 6.4 |
Agriculture | 5.8 | 6.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 10.3 | 64.1 |
Natural resources2 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | -0.4 | 5.6 | -4.0 |
Utilities | 4.2 | 4.0 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -4.8 | 5.3 |
Construction | 26.1 | 26.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 16.0 |
Manufacturing | 28.7 | 30.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | -1.3 | 4.5 | -4.2 |
Services-producing sector | 290.9 | 289.2 | 2.3 | -1.7 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 57.5 | 55.6 | 1.1 | -1.9 | -0.1 | -3.3 | -0.2 |
Transportation and warehousing | 18.7 | 18.4 | 0.7 | -0.3 | 0.5 | -1.6 | 2.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 17.4 | 17.5 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 6.1 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 18.2 | 18.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | -0.7 | 2.2 | -3.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 15.0 | 15.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | -1.0 | 0.7 | -6.2 |
Educational services | 30.5 | 30.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 8.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 56.9 | 56.2 | 1.1 | -0.7 | -4.5 | -1.2 | -7.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 9.1 | 8.3 | 0.6 | -0.8 | -1.1 | -8.8 | -11.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 20.7 | 21.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 5.3 | 4.3 |
Other services (except public administration) | 15.0 | 14.8 | 0.7 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -1.3 | 0.0 |
Public administration | 32.0 | 32.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 7.4 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,319.0 | 4,364.5 | 19.7 | 45.5 | 148.5 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
Goods-producing sector | 885.1 | 890.6 | 10.3 | 5.5 | 22.6 | 0.6 | 2.6 |
Agriculture | 53.4 | 51.4 | 2.7 | -2.0 | -12.5 | -3.7 | -19.6 |
Natural resources2 | 40.4 | 40.3 | 2.3 | -0.1 | 3.3 | -0.2 | 8.9 |
Utilities | 27.3 | 27.1 | 1.6 | -0.2 | 2.1 | -0.7 | 8.4 |
Construction | 289.1 | 279.0 | 7.0 | -10.1 | 19.1 | -3.5 | 7.3 |
Manufacturing | 474.9 | 492.7 | 7.3 | 17.8 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 2.2 |
Services-producing sector | 3,433.9 | 3,473.9 | 18.7 | 40.0 | 125.9 | 1.2 | 3.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 650.8 | 649.4 | 9.7 | -1.4 | -11.2 | -0.2 | -1.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 226.5 | 234.9 | 5.4 | 8.4 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 0.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 290.4 | 286.6 | 5.2 | -3.8 | 33.5 | -1.3 | 13.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 377.1 | 387.1 | 6.7 | 10.0 | 23.4 | 2.7 | 6.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 159.2 | 162.4 | 6.3 | 3.2 | -11.1 | 2.0 | -6.4 |
Educational services | 353.7 | 347.7 | 6.8 | -6.0 | -3.0 | -1.7 | -0.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 604.1 | 610.2 | 8.0 | 6.1 | 15.1 | 1.0 | 2.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 158.1 | 162.9 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 15.2 | 3.0 | 10.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 183.2 | 192.2 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 21.3 | 4.9 | 12.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 163.2 | 162.9 | 5.0 | -0.3 | 7.9 | -0.2 | 5.1 |
Public administration | 267.8 | 277.6 | 4.1 | 9.8 | 34.2 | 3.7 | 14.1 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,536.7 | 7,604.8 | 28.4 | 68.1 | 366.5 | 0.9 | 5.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,464.4 | 1,480.3 | 14.3 | 15.9 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
Agriculture | 67.6 | 68.5 | 3.3 | 0.9 | -2.9 | 1.3 | -4.1 |
Natural resources2 | 37.6 | 37.3 | 2.2 | -0.3 | -1.8 | -0.8 | -4.6 |
Utilities | 58.4 | 55.3 | 1.6 | -3.1 | 5.3 | -5.3 | 10.6 |
Construction | 531.1 | 544.4 | 9.5 | 13.3 | 10.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 |
Manufacturing | 769.8 | 774.9 | 10.5 | 5.1 | -6.9 | 0.7 | -0.9 |
Services-producing sector | 6,072.2 | 6,124.5 | 27.1 | 52.3 | 362.5 | 0.9 | 6.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,121.8 | 1,141.8 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 68.4 | 1.8 | 6.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 376.7 | 382.1 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 40.4 | 1.4 | 11.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 625.1 | 637.0 | 8.9 | 11.9 | 10.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 758.5 | 768.8 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 80.0 | 1.4 | 11.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 289.4 | 291.3 | 8.2 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
Educational services | 556.3 | 553.0 | 9.9 | -3.3 | 24.2 | -0.6 | 4.6 |
Health care and social assistance | 913.7 | 936.8 | 10.1 | 23.1 | 56.4 | 2.5 | 6.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 342.0 | 348.7 | 9.4 | 6.7 | 59.6 | 2.0 | 20.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 402.9 | 392.7 | 10.5 | -10.2 | 33.2 | -2.5 | 9.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 274.9 | 254.6 | 8.2 | -20.3 | -49.2 | -7.4 | -16.2 |
Public administration | 410.9 | 417.8 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 38.6 | 1.7 | 10.2 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 658.2 | 660.1 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 26.7 | 0.3 | 4.2 |
Goods-producing sector | 143.6 | 140.9 | 1.8 | -2.7 | -0.2 | -1.9 | -0.1 |
Agriculture | 23.3 | 23.1 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -2.1 | -0.9 | -8.3 |
Natural resources2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.9 |
Utilities | 4.8 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 6.5 |
Construction | 48.3 | 46.3 | 1.2 | -2.0 | 0.3 | -4.1 | 0.7 |
Manufacturing | 63.8 | 63.1 | 1.1 | -0.7 | 1.2 | -1.1 | 1.9 |
Services-producing sector | 514.5 | 519.1 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 26.8 | 0.9 | 5.4 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 93.5 | 97.1 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 5.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 42.7 | 42.0 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 1.1 | -1.6 | 2.7 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 36.8 | 37.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 6.9 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 32.0 | 31.1 | 0.8 | -0.9 | -0.1 | -2.8 | -0.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 19.7 | 20.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | -1.4 | 2.5 | -6.5 |
Educational services | 57.8 | 59.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 3.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 105.1 | 104.1 | 1.4 | -1.0 | 1.6 | -1.0 | 1.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 24.8 | 24.7 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 5.0 | -0.4 | 25.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 35.6 | 36.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 9.5 | 3.4 | 34.8 |
Other services (except public administration) | 27.6 | 27.1 | 1.0 | -0.5 | -2.2 | -1.8 | -7.5 |
Public administration | 39.0 | 39.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 10.6 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 561.2 | 562.6 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 11.0 | 0.2 | 2.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 123.0 | 124.1 | 2.0 | 1.1 | -7.8 | 0.9 | -5.9 |
Agriculture | 24.4 | 24.0 | 1.1 | -0.4 | -9.9 | -1.6 | -29.2 |
Natural resources2 | 16.8 | 18.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | -2.4 | 8.3 | -11.7 |
Utilities | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Construction | 43.0 | 42.7 | 1.3 | -0.3 | 3.0 | -0.7 | 7.6 |
Manufacturing | 32.5 | 32.8 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 4.8 |
Services-producing sector | 438.1 | 438.5 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 18.7 | 0.1 | 4.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 96.3 | 96.8 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 11.5 | 0.5 | 13.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 25.3 | 25.6 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 3.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 31.7 | 31.6 | 0.8 | -0.1 | 5.0 | -0.3 | 18.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 26.6 | 26.5 | 0.8 | -0.1 | -1.5 | -0.4 | -5.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 13.3 | 15.5 | 0.9 | 2.2 | -1.0 | 16.5 | -6.1 |
Educational services | 45.6 | 46.5 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 7.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 89.9 | 89.2 | 1.3 | -0.7 | 6.3 | -0.8 | 7.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 18.4 | 16.5 | 1.0 | -1.9 | 3.2 | -10.3 | 24.1 |
Accommodation and food services | 31.5 | 31.2 | 1.2 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -1.0 | -1.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 24.9 | 24.7 | 1.1 | -0.2 | -7.1 | -0.8 | -22.3 |
Public administration | 34.6 | 34.4 | 0.8 | -0.2 | -1.3 | -0.6 | -3.6 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,263.9 | 2,279.3 | 12.8 | 15.4 | 105.4 | 0.7 | 4.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 526.4 | 529.4 | 7.6 | 3.0 | -11.0 | 0.6 | -2.0 |
Agriculture | 33.2 | 33.6 | 2.5 | 0.4 | -5.1 | 1.2 | -13.2 |
Natural resources2 | 140.7 | 139.1 | 3.9 | -1.6 | 4.8 | -1.1 | 3.6 |
Utilities | 18.8 | 19.0 | 1.2 | 0.2 | -3.8 | 1.1 | -16.7 |
Construction | 213.5 | 219.6 | 5.3 | 6.1 | -3.3 | 2.9 | -1.5 |
Manufacturing | 120.2 | 118.2 | 3.8 | -2.0 | -3.4 | -1.7 | -2.8 |
Services-producing sector | 1,737.4 | 1,750.0 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 116.5 | 0.7 | 7.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 354.6 | 361.7 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 40.2 | 2.0 | 12.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 136.6 | 139.4 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 9.4 | 2.0 | 7.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 121.0 | 121.2 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 9.2 | 0.2 | 8.2 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 193.4 | 193.0 | 4.4 | -0.4 | 19.4 | -0.2 | 11.2 |
Business, building and other support services | 71.6 | 71.4 | 3.8 | -0.2 | 11.2 | -0.3 | 18.6 |
Educational services | 171.8 | 166.3 | 4.1 | -5.5 | 17.4 | -3.2 | 11.7 |
Health care and social assistance | 299.6 | 303.6 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 1.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 70.0 | 69.2 | 3.7 | -0.8 | -3.8 | -1.1 | -5.2 |
Accommodation and food services | 119.1 | 118.6 | 4.8 | -0.5 | 5.5 | -0.4 | 4.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 91.0 | 98.7 | 3.9 | 7.7 | -1.6 | 8.5 | -1.6 |
Public administration | 108.8 | 106.9 | 2.4 | -1.9 | 4.4 | -1.7 | 4.3 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,692.3 | 2,696.9 | 14.5 | 4.6 | 101.5 | 0.2 | 3.9 |
Goods-producing sector | 489.1 | 484.1 | 7.8 | -5.0 | -6.1 | -1.0 | -1.2 |
Agriculture | 23.3 | 21.4 | 2.5 | -1.9 | -10.7 | -8.2 | -33.3 |
Natural resources2 | 48.0 | 46.2 | 2.8 | -1.8 | -5.8 | -3.8 | -11.2 |
Utilities | 14.7 | 14.2 | 1.2 | -0.5 | -4.7 | -3.4 | -24.9 |
Construction | 218.6 | 209.1 | 5.3 | -9.5 | -4.9 | -4.3 | -2.3 |
Manufacturing | 184.4 | 193.3 | 4.9 | 8.9 | 20.1 | 4.8 | 11.6 |
Services-producing sector | 2,203.2 | 2,212.8 | 14.4 | 9.6 | 107.6 | 0.4 | 5.1 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 420.2 | 419.6 | 7.4 | -0.6 | 30.1 | -0.1 | 7.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 140.0 | 143.4 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 2.4 | 3.5 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 169.7 | 167.0 | 3.9 | -2.7 | 2.5 | -1.6 | 1.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 242.6 | 250.5 | 5.5 | 7.9 | 13.3 | 3.3 | 5.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 104.1 | 103.5 | 4.8 | -0.6 | -4.2 | -0.6 | -3.9 |
Educational services | 194.5 | 193.2 | 5.1 | -1.3 | 3.9 | -0.7 | 2.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 369.6 | 377.9 | 5.8 | 8.3 | 42.2 | 2.2 | 12.6 |
Information, culture and recreation | 132.2 | 132.0 | 5.4 | -0.2 | 12.3 | -0.2 | 10.3 |
Accommodation and food services | 174.6 | 180.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | -10.2 | 3.2 | -5.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 109.0 | 105.4 | 4.2 | -3.6 | -0.2 | -3.3 | -0.2 |
Public administration | 146.6 | 140.1 | 3.0 | -6.5 | 12.8 | -4.4 | 10.1 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: